Table 1.
The renal recovery rate at the end point of previous studies.
| Reference | Design | Sample size | Age (years) | Male (%) | Follow-up (months) | De novo MM (%) | FLC concentration at baseline (mg/L) | Serum creatinine at baseline (μmol/L) | MCN in biopsy patients b | Renal recovery rate (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hutchison et al., 2009 (47) | Prospective/ Pilot study/ Single-center |
19 | 60 | 74 | NA a | 84.2 | 2,600 | 714 | 19/19 | 73.7 |
| Hutchison et al., 2012 (48) | Multi-center | 67 | 65.1 | 62.7 | NA | 74.6 | 5,770 | 662 | 33/38 | 62.6 |
| Heyne et al., 2012 (49) | Retrospective/ Single-center |
19 | 69 | 36.8 | NA | 52.6 | 8,580 | 601.13 | 6/6 | 73.7 |
| Sinisalo et al., 2012 (50) | Single-center | 7 | 64 | 28.6 | NA | 100 | 13,300 | 589 | 6/6 | 85.7 |
| Tan et al., 2014 (51) | Retrospective/ Multi-center |
6 | 66 | NA | 7.5 | 83.3 | 12,500 | 651 | 6/6 | 50 |
| Zannetti et al., 2015 (43) | Prospective/ Single-center |
21 | 62 | 57.1 | 17.2 | 100 | 6,040 | 569.3 | 15/15 | 76 |
| Berni et al., 2016 (45) | Single-center | 13 | 63 | 76.9 | NA a | NA | 7,110 | 565.8 | 5/8 | 76.9 |
| Steiner et al., 2021 (46) | Retrospective/ Multi-center |
61 | 66 | 68.9 | NA a | 100 | 7,883 | 530.4 | NA | 42.6 at 3 months 49.2 at 6 months |
| Marn et al., 2016 (52) | Retrospective/ Single-center |
28 | 68 | 53.6 | NA | 75 | κ 14,433 λ 10,307 | 552 | NA | 60.7 c |
| Peters et al., 2011 (44) | Prospective/ Case–control/ Single-center |
HCO-HD 5 HD 5 |
HCO-HD 67.8 HD 74.2 |
HCO-HD 80 HD 20 |
HCO-HD 12.9 HD 13.3 | NA | HCO-HD 2,528 HD NA |
HCO-HD 660 HD 457.8 |
10/10 | HCO-HD 60 HD 0 |
| Gerth et al., 2016 (53) | Retrospective/ Case–control/ Single-center |
HCO-HD 42 HD 17 | HCO-HD 64.4 HD 58.4 |
HCO-HD 47.6 HD 58.8 |
NA a | 54.2 | HCO-HD κ 8,545 λ 5250 HD κ 5,230 λ 12,400 |
HCO-HD 388.97 HD 442.01 |
16/17 | HCO-HD 64.3 HD 29.4 |
| Curti et al., 2016 (54) | Retrospective/ Cohort/ Multi-center |
HCO-HD 12 HDF 7 |
HCO-HD 62.5 HDF 63.9 |
HCO-HD 83 HDF 57 |
HCO-HD 27.2 HDF 26.5 | 73.7 | HCO-HD 11,924 HDF 8,043 |
NA | 10/10 | HCO-HD 41.7/58.3 at 3 months/end point HDF 16.7/33.3 at 3 months/end point |
NA, not available or could not obtain all of the participants’ detailed information; FLCs, free light chains; MCN, myeloma cast nephropathy; HCO-HD, high-cutoff hemodialysis; HDF, hemodiafiltration.
Age, follow-up, FLC concentration, and serum creatinine are presented as the mean or median.
Renal recovery is defined as hemodialysis independence with no other extracorporeal techniques needed.
a
Data represent the follow-up period, which lasted more than 3 months.
b
The denominator represents the number of patients who underwent a biopsy, and the numerator represents the number of MCN patients.
c
Hemodiafiltration was applied to the treatment.