Table 3.
The protocols of previous high-cutoff hemodialysis or high-cutoff hemodiafiltration.
| Reference | Design | eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | Dialysis Membrane area (m2) | Hemodialysis procedure | Hemodialysis end point | Albumin supplement | Dialysis-related adverse effect | Hemodialysis sessions/days in patients became independent of dialysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hutchison et al., 2009 (47) | Prospective/ Pilot study/ Single-center |
7 | 1.1 × 2 | 8 h/session daily for 5 days and on alternate days for next 12 days, then three 6 h/session per week | Until the patients became independent of dialysis | 40 g after 8 h of dialysis | 0 | 28 d h |
| Hutchison et al., 2012 (48) | Multi-center | NA | 1.1/1.1 × 2 | 2–4 h/4-6 h/>6 h c | NA | NA | 6% patients happened relevant side effect f | 11.5 i |
| Heyne et al., 2012 (49) | Retrospective/ Single-center |
7 | 1.1 | 6 h/session, five sessions in the first week, followed by every other day | sFLC concentrations < 500 mg/L | NA | NA | 15 d
h
6 i |
| Sinisalo et al., 2012 (50) | Single-center | 8 | 2.1 | 3 h low-flux hemodialysis at first session, then daily 6 h/session | sFLC concentrations < 500 mg/L | NA | 0 | 17.5 i |
| Tan et al., 2014 (51) | Retrospective/ Multi-center |
8 | 1.1/1.1 × 2/2.1 | NA | NA | NA | 0 | 6 i |
| Zannetti et al., 2015 (43) | Prospective/ Single-center |
8 a | 1.1 | 4 h/session, thrice weekly | The reduction of sFLC concentrations > 60% | NA | NA | 32 d h |
| Berni et al., 2016 (45) | Single-center | 9 | 2.1 | 6 h/session daily for 6 days and then 6 h/session on alternate days | sFLC concentrations < 500 mg/L or renal recovery | 20 g in the last hour of dialysis | 0 | NA |
| Steiner et al., 2021 (46) | Retrospective/ Multi-center |
7 a | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0 | 11 i |
| Marn et al., 2016 (52) | Retrospective/ Single-center |
NA | 2.1 | 8 h/session daily or every other day d | sFLC concentrations < 500 mg/L or renal recovery | 40 g in the last 2 h of dialysis | 0 | NA |
| Peters et al., 2011 (44) | Prospective/ Case–control/ Single-center |
NA | 1.1 | 5 h/session, 6 days/week for 6 weeks | It depended on patients’ tolerance or creatinine clearance > 15 ml/min | 20 g in the last hour of dialysis | NA | 41 i |
| Gerth et al., 2016 (53) | Retrospective/ Case–control/ Single-center |
NA a | 1.1 × N b /2.1 | About 6 h/session and at least 5 sessions per week | sFLC concentrations < 1,000 mg/L | NA | NA | NA |
| Curti et al., 2016 (54) | Retrospective/ Cohort/ Multi-center |
7.7 | 1.1/2.1 | 8 h/session daily for 5 days and on alternate days for next 12 days, then 6 h/session thrice weekly | sFLC concentrations < 500 mg/L | NA | NA | NA |
| Bridoux et al., 2017 (40) | Randomized controlled trial | NA | 2.1 | Eight 5 h/session for the first 10 days. If needed, 3 additional weekly hemodialysis sessions until completion of 3 cycles of chemotherapy | Individual investigators determined hemodialysis withdrawal | 20 g if albumin less than 25 g/L prior to dialysis | Incidence of dialysis-related effect is 43% g | NA |
| Hutchison et al., 2019 (39) | Randomized controlled trial | 7 | 1.1 x 2 | 6 h/session on day 0, then 8 h/session on day 2, 3, 5–7, 9, 10. After day 12, 8 h/session on alternate days and from day 21, 6 h/session thrice weekly up to 90 days | Nephrologist determined hemodialysis withdrawal e | 60 g in the last hour of dialysis | NA | NA |
NA, not available or could not obtain all of the participants’ detailed information; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate, presented as the mean or median; sFLC, serum free light chain.
Data are calculated by the CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) equation.
Data indicate the 1.1-m2 dialysis membrane used in single or series.
Data indicate the duration of hemodialysis (2–4 h, 4–6 h, or>6 h) without detailed protocol information.
Hemodiafiltration was applied to the treatment.
Patients with a predialysis eGFR of more than 20 ml/min/1.73 m2 and an adequate urine output were advised to stop dialysis.
Dialysis-related adverse effects, including hypotension, fever with negative culture, reversible muscle weakness, and thrombosis of the central venous catheter, occurred in 6% of patients.
Rate of hemodialysis-related adverse events of any grade was 43% in HCO-HD.
Data presented as the median number of days until dialysis independence was achieved.
Data presented as the median number of sessions in patients who became independent of dialysis.