Table 2. Demographic Factors Associated With Loneliness (T-ILS Sum Score) Among Norwegian University Students.
| Demographic factor | Women |
Men |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | Cohen's da | M | SD | Cohen's d | |
| Age group | ||||||
| 18-20 years | 7.90 | 3.11 | 0.12 | 7.32 | 3.10 | 0.15 |
| 21-22 years | 7.60 | 3.00 | 0.02 | 6.87 | 2.93 | Reference |
| 23-25 years | 7.55 | 2.98 | Reference | 7.07 | 3.02 | 0.07 |
| 26-35 years | 7.66 | 3.19 | 0.04 | 7.50 | 3.26 | 0.20 |
| Relationship status | ||||||
| Single | 7.78 | 3.05 | 0.17 | 7.62 | 3.15 | 0.36 |
| Boy-/girlfriend | 7.58 | 3.00 | 0.10 | 6.53 | 2.78 | 0.01 |
| Cohabitant | 7.52 | 3.08 | 0.08 | 6.52 | 2.88 | 0.01 |
| Married / registered partner | 7.27 | 3.07 | Reference | 6.49 | 3.04 | Reference |
| Accommodation status | ||||||
| Alone | 8.25 | 3.16 | 0.25 | 8.09 | 3.26 | 0.52 |
| With partner | 7.49 | 3.07 | 0.01 | 6.48 | (2.91) | Reference |
| With friends / others in a collective | 7.47 | 2.92 | Reference | 7.02 | 2.92 | 0.18 |
| With parents | 7.86 | 3.22 | 0.13 | 7.36 | 3.30 | 0.28 |
| Immigration status | ||||||
| Norwegian | 7.61 | 3.03 | Reference | 7.08 | 3.05 | Reference |
| Immigrant | 8.17 | 3.19 | 0.14 | 7.73 | 3.24 | 0.05 |
| Studying abroad | ||||||
| No | 7.63 | 3.05 | Reference | 7.13 | 3.07 | Reference |
| Yes | 8.03 | 2.99 | 0.13 | 7.24 | 2.84 | 0.04 |
aCohen’s d effect sizes (pooled SD) were calculated for each demographic variable using the category with the lowest T-ILS score (sex specific) as the reference group.