Figure 2.

Expression of candidate miRNAs in brain samples of Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease patients versus controls and dependent on the neuropathological α-synuclein and tau Braak staging. This box and whisker plots display the relative quantity of Parkinson’s disease candidate miRNAs in post-mortem brain samples of the STG of 214 Parkinson’s disease patients versus 47 controls (A), the relative quantity of Parkinson’s disease candidate miRNAs in post-mortem brain samples of 99 Alzheimer’s disease patients versus 91 controls (B), and the relative quantity of Alzheimer’s disease candidate miRNAs in post-mortem brain samples of the STG of 214 Parkinson’s disease patients versus 47 controls (C). Differential gene expression was analysed using a GLM adjusting for RIN, age at death, PMIs and sex. The relative quantity of miRNA expression was calculated using the ΔΔC_t method; diamonds represent the mean expression (cases relative to controls) based on the ΔΔC_t method ($\mathrm{relative}\mathrm{quantity}=2^{(-(d{C}_t\mathrm{cases}\text{–}d{C}_t\mathrm{controls}))}$). Horizontal lines represent median values of the corresponding sample-specific values (individual dC_t values normalized to the mean of the control samples), boxes represent IQRs and whiskers extend to the maximum observed value within 1.5 × the IQR; values outside this range but below the dashed line are depicted as dots. Outliers exceeding the dashed line are not shown (for scaling purposes) but counted and indicated by the numbers in the triangles. The box notches indicate the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). *Nominally statistically significant difference (α = 0.05). (D) This plot displays the gene expression of hsa-miR-132-3p and hsa-miR-132-5p normalized to endogenous control assay (dC_t) dependent on α-synuclein and tau Braak staging in post-mortem brain samples of 213 Parkinson’s disease patients utilizing a GLM adjusting for RIN, age at death, PMIs and sex. Horizontal lines indicate the mean of the group.