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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 14.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Cancer Biol. 2021 Dec 22;6(1):123–146. doi: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-070620-103554

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Activation of latent TGFβ. (a) αvβ6-mediated activation of the large latent complex of TGFβ tethered to the ECM via LTBP and released into the milieu or onto the surface of a responding cell. (b) αvβ8-mediated activation of a GARP-tethered latent complex on the surface of a T cell (as an example), without complete release of active TGFβ from the latent complex. This does not exclude the possible release of TGFβ from the latent complex after activation by integrin β8. The RGD site that contacts β integrins is shown in magenta within the yellow LAP. Abbreviations: ECM, extracellular matrix; GARP, glycoprotein A repetitions predominant; LAP, latency-associated peptide; LTBP, latent TGFβ-binding protein; RGD, arginylglycylaspartic acid; TGFβR1, TGFβ receptor type 1; TGFβR2, TGFβ receptor type 2; Treg, regulatory T cell.