Table 1.
Approach | Target(s) | Drug | Cancer type(s) | Clinical phase | Clinical trial number or reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antibody | Blocking pan-TGFβ (TGFβ1, TGFβ2, and/or TGFβ3) | Fresolimumab (pan-TGFβ) | Relapsed pleural malignant mesothelioma | II | NCT01112293 |
With radiotherapy in metastatic breast cancer | II | NCT01401062 | |||
Renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, and glioma | II | NCT00356460, NCT00923169, NCT01472731 | |||
With targeted ablation radiotherapy for NSCLC | II | NCT02581787 | |||
SAR439459 | With cemiplimab (anti-PD-1) for advanced-stage or unresectable solid tumors | I/Ib | NCT03192345, NCT04729725 | ||
NIS793 | In combination with anti-PD-1 for advanced malignancies | I/Ib | NCT02947165 | ||
With bevacizumab, FOLFOX6, or FOLFIRI for second-line therapy of metastatic colon cancer | II | NCT04952753 | |||
In combination with SOC chemotherapy for first-line treatment of metastatic ductal pancreatic cancer | III | NCT04935359 | |||
In combination with SOC chemotherapy with/without spartalizumab (anti-PD-1) for first-line treatment of metastatic ductal pancreatic cancer | III | NCT04390763 | |||
GARP: TGFβ1 | ABBV-151 | With/without budigalimab (anti-PD-1) for locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors | II | NCT03821935 | |
LAP: TGFβ1 | SRK-181 | Locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors | I/Ib | NCT04291079 | |
Integrin αvβ8 | PF06940434 | Advanced or metastatic solid tumor malignancies with/without anti-PD-1 | I/Ib | NCT04152018 | |
Ligand trap | TGFβ1 and -3 | AVID200 | Advanced and metastatic cancers, recurrent/refractory NSCLC, HCC, rectal cancer, ovarian carcinosarcoma, and newly diagnosed malignant glioma | I and II | NCT03834662 |
Small-molecule inhibitor | TGFβR1 | Galunisertib | Advanced and metastatic cancers, multiple myeloma, urothelial carcinoma, and myeloproliferative neoplasm | I and II | NCT02906397, NCT02452008, NCT02688712, NCT02423343, NCT02734160, NCT01220271, NCT01246986, NCT02672475, NCT03206177, NCT01373164, NCT01373164 |
Vactosertib | Colorectal cancer and solid tumor | I and II | NCT04064190, NCT03143985, NCT03724851, NCT04103645, NCT03802084, NCT03732274, NCT03698825, NCT04258072, NCT02160106 | ||
LY3200882 | Solid tumors | I | NCT04031872, NCT02937272, NCT02937272 | ||
PF-06952229 | Advanced NSCLC, advanced/metastatic/recurrent cancers, glioblastoma, brain metastasis from lung cancer, and glioma | I, II, and III | NCT03685591 | ||
Bispecific molecule | TGFβ1 and -3 plus PD-L1 | Bintrafusp alfa | Various; particularly for HPV+ cancers | I, II, and III | Multiple ongoing trials, although two trials terminated due to lack of phase III efficacy compared to competitors |
Abbreviations: FOLFIRI, folinic acid, fluorouracil, and irinotecan; FOLFOX6, folinic acid, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin; GARP, glycoprotein A repetitions predominant; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HPV, human papilloma virus; LAP, latency-associated peptide; NSCLC, non-small-cell lung cancer; SOC, standard of care.