TABLE 2.
Description of Included Interventions (n = 23)
| Author (Year) | Topic of Intervention | Target Population | Title and Brief Overview of Intervention | Setting | Timing | Participant Demographics |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arauz Boudreau et al27 (2013) | Obesity | Latino children | Children and caregivers received 6 total wk of “Power Up” group health classes and 6 mo of coaching designed to help families incorporate healthy lifestyles and address barriers to change | Urban community health primary care center (Boston, MA) | Power Up: 5 weekly sessions, sixth session 3 mo later; health coaching: 1 meeting followed by periodic contact over 6 mo | Latino children (N = 41) with BMI >85 percentile, aged 9–12 y, and their caregivers; average age 10, 62% female, >75% primary household language non-English, all participants first- (54%) or second-generation (46%) immigrants |
| Bender et al28 (2013) | Obesity | Low-income Hispanic mothers with preschool-aged children | Vida Saludable: 4 biweekly group classes on avoiding sugar-sweetened beverages, increasing physical activity, and maternal role-modeling, followed by 6 mo of community group activities | Urban community health center (San Diego, CA) | Phase 1: 4 biweekly group lessons | Mothers (N = 33): average age 27 y, 100% born in Mexico, 88% below poverty level, 97% Spanish speaking, 100% unemployed; children: average age 3.6, 52% female, 100% in preschool, 97% with MediCal insurance |
| Bender et al29 (2014) | — | — | — | — | Phase 2: 6 monthly group activities; delivered over 9 mo | — |
| Chen et al30 (2019) | Wt loss | Chinese-American adolescents | iStart Smart for Teens: online educational modules designed to increase self-efficacy and promote physical activity and healthy diets, followed by tailored biweekly text messages; Fitbit Flex devices were provided to monitor activity levels and track dietary intake | Community clinics; online (San Francisco, CA) | Online modules: 3 mo; tailored text messages: 3 mo; Fitbit: entire 6-mo period | Chinese-American adolescents (N = 40), mean age 14.9, 43% female, mean BMI 28.3, mean BMI percentile 94, 95% with family income <$40 000 |
| Cronk et al31 (2011) | BMI, quality of life | Spanish-speaking Latino families and children | Familias Sanas y Activas: family-centered, child-focused health presentations by bilingual and/or bicultural staff; emphasis on healthy lifestyles, not wt change, with family- and self-selected goals; staff support, coaching, and additional activities available | Community FQHC and/or local service organization community center (Milwaukee, WI) | 6 weekly sessions; follow-up at 6 and 12 mo | Spanish-speaking Latino families with children 8–11 y and BMI >85th percentile (N = 54): average age 9.4, 52% female, average parental age 36, 97% Mexican origin, average 11 y in United States, 68% children without insurance |
| D’Angelo et al32 (2009) | Depression | Latino families | Culturally adapted from the Beardslee Preventive Intervention Program for Depression: 6 modules with structured discussion topics delivered over a variable duration, designed to enhance strength and resilience in children whose parents are depressed | Mental health clinic (Boston, MA) | Flexible timing offered, range of 3–7 mo | Latino families with children 7–17 y and parent with depressive disorder (N = 9): child average age 11, 56% female, 78% bilingual, 22% English only; 100% parents female, average maternal age 40 y, 78% income <$20 000, average 14 y in United States, 78% Spanish only, 22% bilingual |
| Falbe et al33 (2015) and Falbe et al34 (2017) | Obesity | Latino children | Familias Activas y Saludables: weekly group classes led by a dietician, physician, and promotora covering healthy behaviors | Pediatric primary care FQHC (Martinez, CA) | Five 2-h group medical appointments, every other week for 10 wk | Spanish-speaking Latino families, child 5–12 y and BMI >85th percentile (N = 53): children 51% female, mean age 8.9 y, mean BMI 24.4, 87% BMI >95th percentile; parents 94% female, 67% first-generation immigrants, 76% food insecure |
| Feutz and Andresen35 (2013) | Sexual risk behaviors | Latino adolescents | Cuidate: modules on the Cuidate theme (“take care of yourself”) and safe and unsafe sex delivered in various formats, including small groups, music, videos, games, role-playing, and skill-building activities | Pediatric primary care center in federally designated medically underserved area (Urbana, IL) | Six 1-h modules, delivered over 2 d (3 h each day) | Latino adolescents 13–18 y, fluent in English |
| Hamilton et al36 (2013) | Care coordination | Children with special health care needs | Pediatric Medical Home Program: standard medical home requirements plus a focus on care coordination, a bilingual family liaison, and a pediatrician to develop and manage written patient care plans | Pediatric medical home (Los Angeles, CA) | Years | Children with low SES, minority racial and/or ethnic status, and serious chronic conditions |
| Herbst et al37 (2019) | Obesity | Racially diverse, low SES children in urban underserved area | Developed standardized, culturally tailored educational resources and used motivational interviewing to assess readiness for discussion of healthy diet and lifestyle changes and to develop SMART goals | Outpatient urban pediatric primary care center (Cincinnati, OH) | Provider training: 20-min monthly seminars over 9 mo; innovations: 6 mo | Racially diverse, low SES children (N = 137): mean age 44 mo, 61% female, 60% with overweight, 40% with obesity, 71% Black, 16% White, 10% multiracial, 93% with public insurance |
| La Roche et al38 (2006) | Asthma | Racial and/or ethnic minority, low SES, urban children | Multifamily Asthma Group Treatment: group modules discussed asthma prevention, treatment, and resources in an allocentric manner consistent with the allocentric orientation | Inner-city pediatric community health center (Boston, MA) | Three 1-h modules, conducted on different days | Racial and/or ethnic minority, low SES, urban children aged 7–13 y (N = 22): 73% Hispanic, 27% African American, 41% female |
| Landback et al39 (2009) | Depression | Adolescent patients with subthreshold depressive symptoms | Project CATCH-IT: Internet module–based intervention designed to enhance resiliency, coping skills, and prevent depression | Primary care clinic, and online (Chicago, IL) | 14 self-directed Internet modules, with 15-min motivational interviews before and after with PCP | Adolescents aged 14–21 y (N = 25): mean age 18 y, 68% female, 88% white, 8% African American, 4% Asian American, mean Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale score 24 |
| Lewin et al40 (2015) | Depression | Urban, low-income minority teen-aged mothers and male partners | Strong Foundations: prenatal group educational sessions for married or cohabiting couples, led by a male and female facilitator, and individualized postnatal sessions integrated into well-child pediatric visits held over the course of the child’s first year | Primary care pediatrics (Chicago, IL) | Five 2-h prenatal group sessions; 9 individualized postnatal sessions in child’s first year | Prenatal pilot data: N = 32 couples: mothers average age 17 y, 83% Black, 90% in school; fathers average age 18 y, 85% Black, 55% in school, 35% employed |
| López et al41 (2018) | Child behavior | Latino families | Criando a Nuestros Niños hacio el Éxito: parenting program aimed to improve family dynamics, decrease problematic child behavior, and help manage stress through sessions with a promotora | Pediatric primary care clinic (rural SC) | Eight 2-h sessions conducted weekly | Sociodemographic data measured but not reported |
| Mazzeo et al42 (2014) | Obesity | African American children | Nourishing Our Understanding of Role Modeling to Improve Support and Health: parent-only group sessions emphasizing role-modeling of healthy eating and exercise, and enhancing parents’ self-efficacy in eating and exercise behaviors | Community-based clinic (VA) | Originally 12 weekly 90-min sessions, reduced to 6 after participant feedback | Baseline: N = 84 families; children mean age 8.6 y, 67% female, mean BMI percentile 98; caregivers mean age 40 y, 86% female, mean BMI 34; 61% African American, 37% White, 42% income <$35 000 |
| Mirza et al43 (2013) | Obesity | Hispanic American children and adolescents | LGD: nutrition modules on reducing carbohydrate intake and promoting intake of proteins and fats, weekly meetings with interventionist, and sessions designed to increase physical activity; LFD: identical to LGD but given nutritional information focused on reducing fat intake | Community-based pediatric clinic (Washington, DC) | Weekly modules and meetings for 12 wk; dietary intervention: 2 y | Hispanic American children and adolescents (n = 57 LGD, n = 56 LFD): mean age 12 y, mean BMI 31, mean age at obesity onset 6 y, 70% with obesity family history, mean income <$30 000 |
| Nitsos et al44 (2017) | Parent education | Latino parents with limited English proficiency | Tummy Time: education and educational materials in Spanish provided to parents on Tummy Time, in which adults play and interact with awake, prone infants to strengthen neck muscles and prevent musculoskeletal conditions | Obstetric clinic waiting rooms (West Columbia, SC [urban], and Lancaster, SC [rural]) | Single sessions while parents waiting in clinic, intervention run for 13 mo | Parents and expectant parents or caregivers of infants who self-identified as Latino or Hispanic, having limited English proficiency, and having Spanish as first language |
| O’Connor et al45 (2020) | Obesity | Hispanic children and fathers | Papas Saludables Ninos Saludables: group-based healthy lifestyle program that encourages fathers as healthy role models, teaches authoritative parenting, and recommends reciprocal reinforcement | Primary care pediatric clinic (Houston, TX) | Weekly 90-min sessions for 10 wk | Hispanic children (n = 64) and fathers (n = 36): children mean age 8.5 y, 56% female, 38% with overweight or obesity; fathers mean BMI 29, 39% with income <$25 000, 83% home Spanish speaking, 89% immigrants (70% from Mexico) |
| Reavy et al46 (2012) | Prenatal and pediatric clinic for refugees | US prenatal and pediatric refugees | Culturally Appropriate Resources and Education Clinic: nurse-led clinic model for prenatal and pediatric refugee patients, providing access to health care services and education, and implementing a designated CARE Clinic Health Advisor | Outpatient family center on medical campus (Boise, ID) | 2-h group visits; prenatal care: 6 times per month; well-infant care: 4 times per month | US prenatal and pediatric refugees |
| Rice et al47 (2003) | Smoking | Arab American adolescents | Project TNT: pilot focus, intervention, clinic, and school focused on smoking cessation; health educator met with teenagers in group setting to discuss tobacco use | Arab American teenager health clinic (Detroit, MI) | Pilot intervention: 1 h once a week for 4 wk | Arab American adolescents (N = 9), mean age 16 y, 78% male, 67% second-generation immigrants, 45% with Arabic as first language |
| Ryan et al48 (2020) | Bike helmet safety | Urban children | You Make the Call: a video on bike helmet use was shown to parent-child dyads during pediatric clinic visits, children were given a free helmet, and parents were given a handout to encourage helmet use | Primary care clinic (Baltimore, MD) | Single session, phone follow-up after 1 mo | Urban children |
| Serpas et al49 (2013) | Obesity | Latino children | San Diego Healthy Wt Collaborative: broad initiative that included primary care, public health, schools, and community organizations to reduce obesity. Primary care interventions included PDSA QI cycles, training on wt-related documentation, and creation of handout materials for families | Primary care clinic, as well as other medical and community centers, and schools (San Diego, CA) | Years | Chula Vista Family Clinic (N = 8106 patients): 79% Latino, obesity rate not available, 27% uninsured, 86% <200% federal poverty level |
| Svetaz et al50 (2016) | Family care | Latino immigrant teenagers | Aqui Para Ti: clinic-based program for youth and parents that provided family-centered, confidential, parallel care for Latino families; team consisted of a physician, health educator, and program coordinator | Primary care pediatrics (Minneapolis, MN) | Years | Latino immigrant youth (N = 30) and their families: youth 80% female, 63% older than 14 y; parents 73% female, 60% 40 y or younger; 67% from Mexico |
| Valdez et al51 (2013) | Functioning in maternal depression | Latina immigrant mothers with depression and families | Fortalezas Familiares: group meetings (adults and children separate) and booster sessions designed to improve communication and coping with maternal depression | 3 community outpatient clinics (Madison, WI) | 12 weekly sessions, with 2 booster sessions 1 mo apart | Latina immigrant mothers (n = 13) and children (n = 17): mothers mean age 36 y, 77% from Mexico, 92% income <$29 000; no data on children reported |
CARE, Culturally Appropriate Resources and Education; CATCH-IT, Competent Adulthood Transition with Cognitive-Behavioral, Humanistic, and Interpersonal Training; FQHC, Federally Qualified Health Centers; LFD, low-fat diet; LGD, low-glycemic diet; PCP, primary care physician; PDSA, plan-do-study-act; QI, quality improvement; SES, socioeconomic status; SMART, specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, timely: TNT, Toward No Tobacco Use; —, not applicable.