Table 1.
Characteristics of COVID-19 patients
| Class I (n = 18) |
Class II (n = 7) |
Class III (n = 15) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 48 (21) | 49 (19) | 62 (17) |
| Range, years | 22–80 | 23–73 | 22–98 |
| Sex | |||
| Female, n (%) | 8 (44.4%) | 3 (42.9%) | 6 (40.0%) |
| Male, n (%) | 10 (55.6%) | 4 (57.1%) | 9 (60.0%) |
| Delay, d, mean (SD) | |||
| Diagnosis to LP | 3 (3) | 3 (2) | 4 (4) |
| Range, d | (0–8) | (1–5) | (0–11) |
| Diagnosis to blood withdrawal | 3 (3) | 3 (2) | 4 (4) |
| Range, d | (0–8) | (0–7) | (0–15) |
| Diagnosis to MRI/CT | 4 (3) | 4 (4) | 6 (7) |
| Range, d | (1–11) | (0–11) | (0–12) |
| Past medical history | |||
| Arterial hypertension, n (%) | 4 (22.2%) | 1 (14.3%) | 7 (46.7%) |
| Type 2 diabetes, n (%) | 2 (11.1%) | 1 (14.3%) | 8 (53.3%) |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 4 (22.2%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (13.3%) |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 2 (11.1%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (26.7%) |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 4 (22.2%) | 1 (14.3%) | 1 (6.7%) |
| Cancer of any type, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (14.3%) | 2 (13.3%) |
| COPD, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Pre-existing neurological disorder | |||
| Multiple sclerosis, n (%) | 1 (5.6%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Underwent LP, n | 0 | – | – |
| Underwent blood withdrawal, n | 1 | – | – |
| Myasthenia gravis, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (14.3%) | 0(0%) |
| Underwent LP, n | – | 0 | – |
| Underwent blood withdrawal | – | 1 | – |
| Main neurological symptom/syndrome | |||
| Headache/Dizziness, n (%) | 11 (61.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Loss of smell/taste, n (%) | 7 (38.9%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Acute peripheral neuropathy, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (28.6%) | 0 (0%) |
| Myopathy, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (71.4%) | 0 (0%) |
| Seizures, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (6.7%) |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (13.3%) |
| Encephalopathy, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 12 (80%) |
| Clinical evolution | |||
| ICU, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 11 (73.3%) |
| Hospital ward, n (%) | 13 (72.2%) | 7 (100%) | 4 (26.7%) |
| Outpatient clinics, n (%) | 5 (27.8%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| WHO clinical progression scale (0–10), mean | 3.2 | 3.9 | 8.2 |
| Range | 2–5 | 2–5 | 4–10 |
Demographics, outcomes, clinical and paraclinical characteristics of different Neuro-COVID class patients (n = 40). Patients could have more than 1 pre-existing illness in past medical history.
SD standard deviation, LP lumbar puncture, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, CT computed tomography, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CSF cerebrospinal fluid.