Table 3.

Univariate and Multivariable Logistic Regression Analyses for Factors Associated with Depressive State (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology score ≥11) among Male Orthopedic Physicians Aged <40 Years Old in Japan (n = 1,343).

Variables	In depressive state
	Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Total working hours per week at the main medical institution where one works
<50	0.45 (0.13-1.55)	0.49 (0.13-1.76)
50-59	0.64 (0.28-1.46)	0.75 (0.31-1.76)
60-69	ref	ref
70-79	1.30 (0.64-2.66)	1.34 (0.63-2.86)
80-99	2.34 (1.19-4.58)	2.06 (1.02-4.18)
≥100	4.37 (2.29-8.33)	3.89 (1.92-7.88)
Number of times on night duty in the previous month at the main medical institution where one works
None	0.88 (0.34-2.24)	1.11 (0.41-3.00)
1-4 times	ref	ref
≥5 times	1.91 (1.15-3.18)	1.74 (0.96-3.11)
Number of times on call in the previous month at the main medical institution where one works
None	0.78 (0.40-1.48)	0.80 (0.40-1.60)
1-4 times	ref	ref
5-9 times	0.90 (0.51-1.59)	0.76 (0.41-1.42)
≥10 times	1.92 (1.09-3.37)	1.84 (0.98-3.46)
Number of unreasonable patients demands and complaints in the previous 6 months
None	ref	ref
More than once	1.67 (1.07-2.56)	1.61 (1.00-2.60)
Current smoking status
Smoke	3.06 (1.88-4.98)	2.98 (1.74-5.09)
Do not smoke	ref	ref
Number of sweat-inducing exercise sessions of ≥30 min per week in the previous month
None	2.64 (1.60-4.38)	2.50 (1.47-4.26)
1-2 times	ref	ref
3-4 times	0.59 (0.14-2.55)	0.65 (0.14-2.94)
Almost every day	1.32 (0.17-10.3)	1.82 (0.21-15.3)
Average hours of sleep per day other than the night duty in the previous month
<6	2.54 (1.64-3.92)	2.15 (1.34-3.44)
≥6	ref	ref

OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, ref reference

Data adjusted additionally for years of orthopedic experience, number of orthopedic beds, number of outpatient visits per week, average daily number of patients per week, and frequency of drinking per week in the previous month.