Table 2.

The domain-adapted pre-trained model which utilized a large number of in-domain data (X-rays(926K)) in an SSL manner achieves the best performance across all five target tasks. The best methods are bolded while the second best are underlined. For each target task, we conducted the independent two sample t-test between the best (bolded) vs. others. The absence of a statistically significant difference at the p = 0.05 level is indicated by green-highlighted boxes.

Initialization	ChestX-ray14	CheXpert	Shenzhen	VinDr-CXR	RSNA Pneumonia
Scratch	77.04±0.34	83.39±0.84	83.92±1.19	78.49±1.00	70.02±0.42
ImageNet	81.95±0.15	88.16±0.31	93.63±1.80	90.24±0.35	73.66±0.34
ChestX-ray14	78.87±0.69	86.75±0.96	93.03±0.48	79.86±1.82	71.99±0.55
X-rays(926K)	82.72±0.17	87.83±0.23	95.21±1.44	90.60±1.95	73.73±0.50
ImageNet→ChestX-ray14	82.45±0.15	87.74±0.31	94.83±0.90	90.33±0.88	73.87±0.48
ImageNet→X-rays(926K)	83.04±0.15	88.37±0.40	95.76±1.79	91.71±1.04	74.09±0.39