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. 2022 Oct 27;17(11):1198–1205. doi: 10.1038/s41565-022-01220-2

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a, A 1,000 strand bundle of G_0.3-LCF lifting a 1 kg dumbbell via thermal actuation. b, Reversible actuation of animal-tissue-like artificial muscle bundle (1,000 strands) attached between an artificial human joint along with the corresponding electrical conductivity variation. c, Artificial finger operation under NIR remote control with electrical current variation. d, Biomimetic self-walking of all-carbon artificial worm driven by NIR manipulation. The natural movement of an alive inchworm for comparison. Scale bars, 2 cm (b) and 1 cm (c and d).