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. 2022 Nov 2;611(7935):301–305. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05383-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 2 — (Species richness (a), Shannon diversity (b), and total vegetation cover (%) (c). Values are means ± s.e.m. derived from LME models where parameter significance was assessed by F-tests (2-tailed); for statistics see Methods and Extended Data Tables 2 and 5. unfenced, unlighted and lighted n = 10; fenced, unlighted and lighted n = 8; fenced and fertilized, lighted and unlighted n = 12; fertilized, unlighted and lighted n = 10. Individual data points are shown with faded colour. Sampling unit is a quadrat from which litter was estimated. The different sample sizes result from two previously unfertilized plots being accidentally fertilized in 2019 after which these plots were considered fertilized plots. These results are from ‘eDiValo’ field experiment; see Fig. 1 and Methods.