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. 2022 Nov 9;39(1):7. doi: 10.1007/s11274-022-03445-8

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Fig. 4 — Aminoglycoside-mediated ATP accumulation results in membrane hyperpolarisation. The loss of ATP consumption that results from diminished protein synthesis causes ATP accumulation and elicits hydrolysis and proton export by the ATP synthase. This results in bactericidal hyperpolarisation of the membrane. AMG aminoglycoside; NDH, NADH dehydrogenase; Q, ubiquinone; QH₂, ubiquinol