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STF and S. typhi LPS suppress PBMC proliferation to TT. PBMC were incubated in the absence or presence of soluble STF (4 μg/ml) or LPS (10 ng/ml) alone or with TT. Shown are results from an unvaccinated (A) and a vaccinated (B) volunteer from a total of seven individuals (three unvaccinated, four vaccinated) evaluated in five independent experiments with similar results. The P values are as compared to cells treated with TT alone. SD, standard deviation.
