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. 2022 Jul 6;29(56):85128–85142. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21605-z

Table 2.

Summary on PoD values of genotoxic endpoints of EMS

Tests Target endpoint Timepoint PoD (mg/kg bw/d)
NOGEL BMDL0.05CESa BMDL0.1CESb BMDL0.5CESc BMDLCES1SDd
Pig-a gene mutation assay Blood RBC 14 40 NT NT NTb 2.1
28 20 1.1 2.3 12 14
Blood RET 14 160 NTc NTd 1.7 53
28 80 NTe 0.3 4.7 110
Micronucleus assay Blood RET 4 80 3.8 12 52 25
14 80 19 27 63 43
28 40 1.1 2.6 16 7.9
Bone marrow RET 29 20 0.99 2.6 15 5.8
Comet assay Blood cell 4 20 0.86 1.9 11 22
28 20 1 2.1 13 23
Liver cell 29 20 6.2 8.9 22 28

Abbreviations: PoD points of departure, RBC red blood cell, RET reticulocytes, NOGEL no observed genotoxic effect level, BMDL the lower bound of benchmark dose, CES. critical effect sizes

a Raw data was used for BMDL fitting. CES set at 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1SD. NT: Averaging model failed to fit (P. <0.1)

b.BMDU / BMDL =12×102

c. BMDU / BMDL =893

d. BMDU / BMDL =347

e. BMDU / BMDL =424