TABLE 1.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Shunt Articles Summary Statistics
| Reference | n | Age (yr) | % Male | Simplified Acute Physiology II Score | Primary Diagnosis | Shunt Assessment Modality | Overall Shunt Prevalence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observational cohort (9) | |||||||
| Boissier et al (28)a | 216 | 63 | 69.4 | 53 ± 25 | ARDS | TEE | 57/216 (26.4%) |
| Legras 1999b | 195 | 56 | NR | 46 ± 17 | PNA/ARDS | TEE | 28/195 (14.4%) |
| Lhéritier et al (4)b | 200 | 57 | 68.7 | 46 ± 17 | PNA/ARDS | TTE + TEE | 31/200 (15.5%) |
| Masi et al (10)a | 60 | 62 | 83.3 | NR | COVID-19 ARDS | TTE | 18/60 (30.0%) |
| Mekontso Dessap et al (8)a | 203 | 60 | 72.9 | 55 ± 18 | PNA/ARDS | TEE | 39/203 (19.2%) |
| Mekontso Dessap et al (30)b | 34 | 62 | 79.4 | 57 (40–72) | PNA/ARDS | TEE | 7/34 (20.6%) |
| Salazar-Orellana et al (27)b | 31 | 44 | 80.6 | NR | COVID-19 PNA | TCD | 7/31 (22.6%) |
| Vavlitou 2016a | 108 | 57 | 75.0 | NR | Respiratory failure | TEE | 30/108 (27.8%) |
| Védrinne et al (31)b | 49 | 53 | NR | NR | Respiratory failure | TEE | 11/49 (22.4%) |
| Cross-sectional pilot study (1) | |||||||
| Reynolds et al (9)b | 18 | 59 | 61.1 | NR | COVID-19 ARDS | TCD | 15/18 (83.3%) |
| WEIGHTED AVERAGES | 58.5 ± 16.1 | 629/870 (72.3%) | 50.4 ± 19.7 | 243/1114 (21.8%) | |||
ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome, NR = not reported, PNA = pneumonia, TCD = transcranial Doppler, TEE = transesophageal echocardiography, TTE = transthoracic echocardiography
aAgitated saline contrast technique description: injecting 9.5 mL of sterile saline solution aerated with 0.5 mL of room air via two syringes connected with a three-way stopcock into a peripheral vein or central venous line (performed with and without Valsalva).
bAgitated saline contrast technique not well described (aside from agitated saline injection performed).
Data are presented as mean (± sd) or median (interquartile range) (% male, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II score).