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. 2022 Nov 9;12:19111. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-22883-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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In panel (A), the top row shows a gesture which depicts the subpart on the left side of the Fribble. The gesture is produced by a matcher as part of a restricted offer with the following speech: “ah en is zijn arm uh rond maar ook een beetje met hoeken?” [literal translation: ah and is his arm round but also a bit with corners?]. The right arm is extended to model the ‘arm’, while the left hand is moved around it to depict the angular shape (number of submovements: 4). The bottom row shows a gesture which was produced by a director in a repair solution in response to a restricted offer. The gesture depicts the rectangular subpart on the front side of the Fribble, while saying “ja precies” [yes exactly]. The multimodal utterance thereby confirms the preceding restricted offer (which contained an identical gesture). The hands are kept somewhat apart (to depict the width of the rectangle), and moved straight downwards (number of submovements: 1). The density plots in panel (B) show the distributions for the speech and gesture effort measures (the dots are the median and the lines the 95% quantile interval).