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. 2022 Nov 9;12:19055. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-21448-1

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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TP53 mutations are significantly associated with the development of distant metastases after diagnosis in early-stage NSCLC. (A) Overview of study design. (B) Cox regression hazard ratios of each mutation and copy number alteration analyzed, with significant results (α = 0.05) in red. Error bars are Bonferroni-adjusted 95% confidence intervals. (C) Kaplan–Meier curves showing time to first distant metastasis among patients with early-stage disease, stratified by TP53 mutation status in the primary tumor. Error bars are 95% confidence intervals. (D) Cox regression hazard ratios for TP53 mutation for metastasis to individual sites, with significant results (α = 0.05) in red. Error bars are Bonferroni-adjusted 95% confidence intervals. (E) Fraction of patients diagnosed at each stage, stratified by TP53 mutation status. Error bars denote 95% confidence intervals. (F) Kaplan–Meier curves showing overall survival probability stratified by TP53 mutation status, for patients diagnosed with stage I-III disease. Error bars are 95% confidence intervals. Colors for all panels denote primary tumor TP53 mutation status (dark blue: mutant, teal: wild-type). In all Cox regressions, we incorporated age, sex, race, ethnicity, smoking history, stage at diagnosis, and 10 total mutations/copy number alterations as covariates (Methods).