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. 2022 Nov 9;12:19116. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-23293-8

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Performance for contrast modulation (CM) stimuli at different retinal eccentricities and a fixed carrier TF of 20 Hz. The stimuli consisted of a contrast-reversing grating (carrier) modulated by a drifting sinewave envelope with a SF of 0.5 cpd and a TF of 3 Hz. The task was to discriminate the direction of motion of the envelope when presented at different retinal eccentricities. Percent correct responses were measured while varying carrier SF within blocks for different eccentricities: dark purple, fixation at 2.1°; dark blue, 4.3°; yellow, 6.4°; and light blue, 8.5°. (a–f) Percent correct responses for subjects 1 (S1) through 6 (S6). (g) Mean percent correct responses of the six subjects. Error bars represent the binomial SE of each condition for each subject (a–f) and the SEM (N = 6 subjects) for the subject-averaged results (g).