Table 2.
CMR data.
| Variables | Patients with HFpEF and obesity (n = 108) | Patients with HFpEF and normal weight (n = 50) | Patients with Obesity (n = 72) | Controls (n = 50) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LVEF (%) | 56 ± 6†‡ | 59 ± 7‡ | 60 ± 5 | 62 ± 4 | <0.0001 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 70 ± 12 | 69 ± 13 | 70 ± 12 | 69 ± 11 | 0.90 |
| Cardiac index (ml/m2) | 3.5 ± 0.8 | 3.2 ± 0.8 | 3.2 ± 0.8 | 3.2 ± 0.7 | 0.023 |
| LAV (ml) | 80 (67,109)†‡ | 84 (67,100)†‡ | 73 (58,85)‡ | 56 (47,68) | <0.0001 |
| LAVi (ml/m2) | 38.4 (31.9,52.4)∗†‡ | 49.2 (39.4,60.4)†‡ | 34.7 (29.7,41.0) | 34.3 (28.0,40.7) | <0.0001 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 57 ± 6∗†‡ | 50 ± 6 | 51 ± 6‡ | 47 ± 4 | <0.0001 |
| LVEDDi (mm/m2) | 27.7 ± 3.2∗† | 30.3 ± 4.0† | 24.8 ± 3.0‡ | 28.6 ± 2.3 | <0.0001 |
| LVEDVi (ml/m2) | 91.0 ± 21.5∗†‡ | 81.0 ± 20.5 | 75.1 ± 13.4 | 74.9 ± 11.4 | <0.0001 |
| LVESVi (ml/m2) | 40.6 ± 13.0∗†‡ | 34.1 ± 12.2 | 30.1 ± 7.6 | 28.7 ± 6.2 | <0.0001 |
| LVMi (g/m2.7) | 34.1 ± 10.4∗†‡ | 24.6 ± 12.2‡ | 25.9 ± 5.3‡ | 18.1 ± 3.0 | <0.0001 |
| GLS (%) | −11.8 ± 3.0∗†‡ | −13.4 ± 2.7†‡ | −16.0 ± 2.8 | −16.3 ± 2.1 | <0.0001 |
| GCS (%) | −13.5 ± 3.4∗†‡ | −15.1 ± 3.1†‡ | −18.2 ± 2.7 | −18.9 ± 1.7 | <0.0001 |
| GRS (%) | 20.9 ± 7.4∗†‡ | 24.7 ± 7.5†‡ | 31.5 ± 7.2 | 33.3 ± 4.8 | <0.0001 |
| sGLSR (/s) | −0.66 ± 0.16†‡ | −0.71 ± 0.21†‡ | −0.82 ± 0.13 | −0.83 ± 0.15 | <0.0001 |
| sGCSR (/s) | −0.80 ± 0.21†‡ | −0.82 ± 0.22†‡ | −0.95 ± 0.14 | −0.97 ± 0.16 | <0.0001 |
| sGRSR (/s) | 1.19 ± 0.43†‡ | 1.29 ± 0.44†‡ | 1.61 ± 0.35 | 1.70 ± 0.37 | <0.0001 |
| eGLSR (/s) | 0.50 ± 0.17†‡ | 0.57 ± 0.25‡ | 0.69 ± 0.17‡ | 0.79 ± 0.21 | <0.0001 |
| eGCSR (/s) | 0.54 ± 0.20†‡ | 0.59 ± 0.28†‡ | 0.75 ± 0.20‡ | 0.87 ± 0.20 | <0.0001 |
| eGRSR (/s) | −0.97 ± 0.44†‡ | −1.10 ± 0.50†‡ | −1.61 ± 0.61 | −1.72 ± 0.42 | <0.0001 |
| Presence of LGE (n = 140) | 35.4 (29/82) | 19.4 (6/31) | 12.5 (3/24) | 0 (0/3) | 0.071 |
| LGE percentages (%/LV) | 1.0 ± 2.8 | 1.2 ± 3.8 | 0.3 ± 0.9 | 0 | 0.21 |
| Native T1 (ms, n = 98) | 1322 ± 103 | 1295 ± 168 | 1274 ± 81 | – | 0.26 |
| ECV (%, n = 98) | 30.6 ± 5.2† | 30.3 ± 3.6† | 26.5 ± 3.8 | – | 0.0042 |
Values are given as mean ± SD, or median (interquartile range), or n (%). The P-values indicate the statistic power among all four group.
Bold P-values indicate a significance level of <0.05.
∗p < 0.05 vs. patients with HFpEF and normal weight; †p < 0.05 vs. patients with obesity; ‡p < 0.05 vs. controls using post hoc Bonferroni analysis.
CMR, cardiovascular magnetic resonance; LV, left ventricular; LA, left atrial; EF, ejection fraction; LVEDD/LVEDDi, LV end-diastolic diameter index; LVMi, LV end-diastolic mass/height2.7; EDVi/ESVi, end-diastole/systole volume index; LAV/LAVi, LA maximal volume index; GLS, GCS, and GRS, global longitudinal, circumferential, radial strain; sGLSR, sGCSR and sGRSR, systolic GLS, GCS, GRS rate; eGLSR, eGCSR and eGRSR, early-diastolic GLS, GCS, GRS rate; LGE, late gadolinium enhancement; ECV, extracellular volume fraction.