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The gut-retina axis. When dysbiosis is present, the microbiota and its derivatives enter the circulation via the leaky intestinal mucosa and mediate systemic- and local- (ocular) inflammatory responses. Dysbiosis promotes a pro-inflammatory phenotype of microglia and exacerbates tissue damage. Fecal microbiota transplant is a viable therapeutic strategy. FMT, fecal microbiota transplant; BV, blood vessel; BRB, blood−retina barrier; RPE, retinal pigment epithelium.
