Table 1.
microRNAs modulate the inflammatory response after Mtb infection.
| microRNA | Cell type | Expression of micro-RNA | Up- or down-regulated micro-RNA regulates the inflammatory factors | Function of up- or down-regulated micro-RNA | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-21-5p | APCs, BMDCs | Upregulated | Inhibits IL-12 | Promotes Mtb survival | (30) |
| miR-26a | Macrophages | Upregulated | Inhibits IFN-γ | Promotes Mtb survival | (67) |
| miR-29a-3p | Macrophages | Upregulated | Inhibits IFN-γ and TNF-α | Promotes Mtb survival | (68) |
| miR-32-5p | Macrophages | Upregulated | Inhibits IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α | Promotes Mtb survival | (69) |
| miR-125-5p | Macrophages | Upregulated | Inhibits IFN-γ and TNF-α | Promotes Mtb survival | (70) |
| miR-132-3p | Macrophages | Upregulated | Inhibits IFN-γ | Promotes Mtb survival | (67) |
| miR-155 | Macrophages | Upregulated | Promotes IFN-γ while inhibits IL-6 and IL-10 | Unique dual action | (71, 72) |
| miR-203 | Macrophages | Upregulated | Inhibits NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-6 | Promotes Mtb survival | (73) |
| miR-1178 | Macrophages | Upregulated | Inhibits IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α | Promotes Mtb survival | (74) |
| miR-99b | DCs, macrophages | Upregulated | Inhibits TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-1β | Promotes Mtb survival | (75) |
| miR-144* | T cells | Upregulated | Inhibits TNF-α and IFN-γ | Promotes Mtb survival | (76) |
| miR-30 | THP-1 cells | Upregulated | Inhibits TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 | Promotes Mtb survival | (77) |
| miR-206 | THP-1 cells | Upregulated | Promotes IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α | Inhibits Mtb survival | (78) |
| miR-140 | PBMCs, THP-1 cells | Upregulated | Inhibits IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α | Promotes Mtb survival | (79) |
| miR-29b-1* | NKs, CD4+T cells | Upregulated | Inhibits IFN-γ | Promotes Mtb survival | (80) |
| miR-124 | Peripheral leukocytes, AMs |
Upregulated | Inhibits IL-6 and TNF-α | Promotes Mtb survival | (81) |
| miR-223 | Neutrophil, myeloid cells |
Upregulated | Inhibits IL-6 | Promotes Mtb survival | (82) |
| miR-149 | Macrophages | Downregulated | Promotes TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 | Inhibits Mtb survival | (83) |
| let-7 family | Macrophages | Downregulated | Inhibits TNF and IL-1β | Promotes Mtb survival | (84) |
| miR-20b | Macrophages | Downregulated | Promotes IL-18 and IL-1β | Inhibits Mtb survival | (85) |
| miR-27a | Macrophages | Downregulated | Promotes IFN-γ, IL-β, IL-6, and TNF-α | Inhibits Mtb survival | (86) |
| miR-18b | Macrophages | Downregulated | Promotes IL-6 | Inhibits Mtb survival | (87) |
| miR-378d | THP-1 cells | Downregulated | Promotes IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. | Inhibits Mtb survival | (88) |
| miR-142-3p | Macrophages | Downregulated | Promotes TNF-α and IL-6 | Inhibits Mtb survival | (89) |
*represents miRNAs’ passenger strand