Table 3.
Trauma antecedents
| Total N = 221 | PTSD | CPTSD | CPTSD | CPTSD | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trauma Characteristic | No PTSD/CPTSD N = 167 | PTSD N = 17 | CPTSD N = 37 | ORa | CI | ORa | CI | AORb | CI | AORc | CI |
| Childhood trauma subtypes | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | ||||||||
| Childhood verbal abuse (n = 118) | 79 (67) | 10 (8.5) | 29 (24.6) | 1.6 | 0.6–4.4 | 4.0 | 1.7–9.3 | 3.4 | 1.4–8.1 | 2.5 | 0.7–9 |
| Childhood physical abuse (n = 120) | 79 (65.8) | 13 (10.8) | 28 (23.3) | 3.6 | 1.2–11.6 | 3.5 | 1.5–7.8 | 2.8 | 1.2–6.5 | 0.8 | 0.2–3.4 |
| Childhood sexual abuse (n = 32) | 19 (59.4) | 4 (12.5) | 9 (28.1) | 2.4 | 0.7–8.1 | 2.5 | 1.1–6.1 | 1.8 | 0.7–4.7 | 0.9 | 0.2–3.7 |
| Childhood emotional neglect (n = 87) | 54 (62.1) | 10 (11.5) | 23 (26.4) | 3.0 | 1.1–8.3 | 3.4 | 1.6–7.2 | 2.7 | 1.2–5.8 | 0.9 | 0.3–3.3 |
| Childhood physical neglect (n = 42) | 19 (45.2) | 3 (7.1) | 20 (47.6) | 1.7 | 0.4–6.3 | 9.2 | 4.1–20.5 | 8.3 | 3.5–19.8 | 6.5 | 1.4–29.2 |
| Trauma type (lifetime) | |||||||||||
| Interpersonal index trauma (n = 97)* | 60 (61.9) | 11 (11.3) | 26 (26.8) | 2.6 | 0.9–7.5 | 3.4 | 1.6–7.4 | 3.1 | 1.4–6.8 | 1.2 | 0.4–4.2 |
| Sexual victimisation (n = 49)* | 28 (57.1) | 6 (12.2) | 15 (30.6) | 2.7 | 0.9–7.9 | 3.4 | 1.6–7.3 | 2.6 | 1.1–5.9 | 1.1 | 0.3–3.7 |
| Trauma timing | |||||||||||
| Index trauma occurring in childhood (n = 114)* | 79 (69.3) | 8 (7) | 27 (23.7) | 0.7 | 0.3–2.1 | 2.3 | 1.0–5.1 | 2.3 | 0.99–5.1 | 3.2 | 0.9–10.9 |
| Index trauma occurring <1 year ago (n = 16)* | 10 (62.5) | 5 (31.2) | 1 (6.3) | 6.5 | 1.9–22.2 | 0.4 | 0.05–3.5 | – | – | 0.07 | 0.007–0.6 |
| Nature of exposure | |||||||||||
| Index trauma involving repeated exposure (n = 58)* | 32 (55.2) | 6 (10.3) | 20 (34.5) | 1.9 | 0.7–5.7 | 4.2 | 2.0–8.9 | 4.0 | 1.8–8.7 | 2.2 | 0.6–7.3 |
| Cumulative trauma | |||||||||||
| Childhood poly-victimisation (greater than 5 types) (n = 73) | 44 (60.3) | 6 (8.2) | 23 (31.5) | 1.5 | 0.5–4.4 | 4.6 | 2.2–9.7 | 4.0 | 1.8–9.1 | 3.5 | 0.9–13.3 |
| Lifetime poly-victimisation (greater than 8 types) (n = 90) | 58 (64.4) | 9 (10) | 23 (25.6) | 2.1 | 0.8–5.8 | 3.1 | 1.5–6.4 | 2.7 | 1.3–5.8 | 1.4 | 0.4–4.5 |
Results of multinomial logistic regression examining associations between trauma antecedents and PTSD, CPTSD. Notes: *excluding n = 20 who did not identify an index trauma meeting criteria. Significant (p < 0.05) results are in bold.
a
Reference group sub-clinical class.
b
CPTSD results adjusted for significant covariates (living status, previous history of anxiety/depression).
c
CPTSD results adjusted for significant covariates (living status, previous history of anxiety/depression), PTSD class set as the reference category.