Table 1.
Results from meta-analyses of the prevalence of psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorders
| Analysis | N | Number of studies | Percentage | 95% CI | I2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lifetime prevalence | |||||
| 1.0 Total DSM sample lifetime prevalence | 8013 | 51 | 57 | 52–62 | 94.15 |
| 1.1 ≥Moderate quality | 6921 | 39 | 56 | 50–61 | 94.25 |
| 1.2 Structured diagnosis | 7052 | 44 | 55 | 50–60 | 93.53 |
| 1.3 Defined age span | 2432 | 19 | 55 | 47–63 | 92.83 |
| 1.4 Inpatient samples | 890 | 8 | 68 | 56–78 | 90.99 |
| 1.5 Outpatient samples | 3848 | 20 | 57 | 48–65 | 95.93 |
| 1.6 Community samples | NA | ||||
| 2.0 Total ICD sample lifetime prevalence | 15 448 | 3 | 23 | 17–31 | 92.52 |
| 3.0 Total DSM bipolar type I (BDI) | 3316 | 26 | 67 | 61–72 | 87.97 |
| 3.1 ≥Moderate quality | 2926 | 20 | 63 | 57.5–68 | 89.27 |
| 3.2 Structured diagnosis | 2804 | 21 | 62 | 57–67.5 | 85.45 |
| 3.3 Defined age span | 745 | 10 | 55 | 45–64 | 82.89 |
| 3.4 Inpatient BDI | 684 | 7 | 71 | 61–79 | 84.31 |
| 3.5 Outpatient BDI | 481 | 5 | 73.5 | 51–88 | 93.81 |
| 4.0 Total bipolar type II (BDII) | 704 | 7 | 19 | 13–29 | 82.63 |
| 4.1 ≥Moderate quality | 499 | 4 | 22 | 14–33 | 82.09 |
| 4.2 Structured diagnosis | 470 | 5 | 23 | 14–35 | 81.28 |
| 4.3 Defined age span | NA | ||||
| 4.4 Inpatient BDII | NA | ||||
| 4.5 Inpatient/outpatient BDII | NA | ||||
| 4.6 Outpatient BDII | 494 | 3 | 13 | 8–20 | 69.55 |
| Point prevalence | |||||
| 5.0 Total DSM sample point prevalence | 4856 | 20 | 41.5 | 32–53 | 97.34 |
| 5.1 ≥Moderate quality | 3359 | 12 | 38 | 27–50 | 97.30 |
| 5.2 Structured diagnosis | 2702 | 12 | 37 | 25–50 | 96.90 |
| 5.3 Defined age span | 1263 | 11 | 45 | 32–59 | 97.09 |
| 5.4 Inpatient samples | 2947 | 9 | 54 | 39–68 | 97.93 |
| 5.5 Outpatient samples | 1178 | 5 | 20 | 11–33 | 93.82 |
| 5.6 Community samples | NA | ||||
| 5.7 Current mania* | 2062 | 6 | 57 | 47–66 | 92.34 |
| 5.8 Current depression | 780 | 3 | 13 | 7–23 | 91.02 |
| 5.9 Current mixed | NA | ||||
| 6.0 Total ICD sample point prevalence | NA | ||||
| 7.0 Total DSM bipolar type I (BDI) | 3099 | 14 | 51 | 40–61 | 96.06 |
| 7.1 ≥Moderate quality | 1602 | 6 | 54 | 41–67 | 92.98 |
| 7.2 Structured diagnosis | 1572 | 8 | 48 | 35–61 | 92.24 |
| 7.3 Defined age span | 1099 | 8 | 51 | 35–66 | 96.28 |
| 7.4 Inpatient BDI | 2669 | 8 | 58 | 43–72 | 97.64 |
| 7.5 Outpatient BDI | NA | ||||
| 7.6 Current mania BDI* | 2062 | 6 | 57 | 47–66 | 92.43 |
| 7.7 Current depression BDI | NA | ||||
| 8.0 Total BDII point prevalence | NA | ||||
DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; ICD, International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems; NA, not applicable.
*Same analysis.