TABLE 2.
Univariable and Full Multivariable Models for Radiographic CAP
| Variable | Univariable Models, OR (95% CI) | Full Multivariable Model, aOR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Demographic | ||
| Age,a y | ||
| 1 | Reference | Referenceb |
| 2 | 1.19 (0.81–1.75) | 1.39 (1.24–1.55)b |
| 5 | 3.54 (2.19–5.74)b | 3.55 (2.35–5.36)b |
| 10 | 9.43 (6.15–14.48)b | 9.06 (4.96–16.56)b |
| Sex, male | 0.87 (0.66–1.15) | 1.02 (0.72–1.45) |
| Historical | ||
| Fever | 3.25 (1.80–5.85)b | 0.99 (0.46–2.12) |
| Days of Fevera | ||
| 1 | Reference | Referenceb |
| 2 | 1.20 (0.79–1.82) | 1.47 (1.27–1.70)b |
| 5 | 4.73 (2.93–7.65)b | 3.44 (2.19–5.41)b |
| 10 | 6.51 (4.01–10.59)b | 3.93 (2.29–6.75)b |
| Cough | 2.21 (0.86–5.69) | 2.78 (1.00–7.75) |
| Difficulty breathing | 0.68 (0.49–0.96)b | 0.92 (0.56–1.51) |
| Immunization | 1.38 (0.75–2.56) | 1.00 (0.47–2.12) |
| Days of illnessa | ||
| 1 | Reference | Reference |
| 2 | 1.23 (0.76–1.99) | 1.05 (0.98–1.13) |
| 5 | 2.68 (1.48–4.86)b | 1.23 (0.94–1.61) |
| 10 | 5.20 (2.79–9.69)b | 1.43 (0.87–2.35) |
| Vomiting | 1.03 (0.78–1.36) | 0.93 (0.66–1.32) |
| Wheezing | 0.55 (0.41–0.72) | 1.01 (0.68–1.50) |
| Rapid breathing | 0.72 (0.53–0.98)b | 0.99 (0.62–1.57) |
| Rhinorrhea | 0.37 (0.27–0.52)b | 0.54 (0.35–0.84)b |
| Chest pain | 1.63 (1.22–2.19)b | 0.90 (0.61–1.35) |
| Abdominal pain | 1.74 (1.31–2.33)b | 0.97 (0.66–1.44) |
| Decreased oral intake | 1.19 (0.89–1.59) | 1.26 (0.87–1.84) |
| Decreased urine output | 0.95 (0.60–1.51) | 0.78 (0.45–1.36) |
| Smoke exposure | 0.73 (0.55–0.98)b | 0.91 (0.64–1.29) |
| Pneumonia history | 1.39 (0.95–2.05) | 1.06 (0.66–1.70) |
| Past pneumonia hospitalization | 0.73 (0.42–1.26) | 0.60 (0.31–1.14) |
| Asthma | 0.74 (0.55–1.01) | 0.80 (0.53–1.21) |
| Physical examination | ||
| Temperature (degrees Celsius)a | ||
| 37 | Reference | Reference |
| 38 | 0.86 (0.58–1.26) | 1.13 (0.82–1.56) |
| 39 | 0.88 (0.60–1.29) | 1.17 (0.76–1.81) |
| 40 | 0.82 (0.48–1.41) | 1.13 (0.58–2.20) |
| Respiratory rate z (95th percentile versus 50th percentile) | 1.17 (0.74–1.84) | 2.07 (1.27–3.38)b |
| Heart rate z (95th percentile versus 50th percentile) | 1.09 (0.61–1.96) | 1.28 (0.62–2.68) |
| Systolic blood pressure z (5th percentile versus 50th percentile) | 1.65 (0.90–3.02) | 1.59 (0.86–2.94) |
| Oxygen saturation | – | |
| <92% | 0.88 (0.55–1.39) | 1.16 (0.85–1.58) |
| <94% | 0.92 (0.64–1.31) | 1.02 (0.84–1.25) |
| <96% | Reference | Reference |
| <98% | 0.88 (0.56–1.38) | 1.05 (0.77–1.44) |
| <99% | 0.84 (0.53–1.33) | 1.00 (0.68–1.46) |
| Retractions | 0.46 (0.34–0.62)b | 0.73 (0.45–1.19) |
| Grunting | 0.87 (0.49–1.55) | 1.71 (0.85–3.44) |
| Nasal flaring | 0.87 (0.55–1.36) | 1.78 (0.96–3.29) |
| Head nodding | 0.34 (0.10–1.10) | 0.92 (0.25–3.37) |
| Abdominal pain | 1.96 (1.27–3.02)b | 1.06 (0.58–1.91) |
| Crackles or rales | ||
| None | Reference | Reference |
| Focal | 2.20 (1.60–3.02)b | 1.39 (0.93–2.09) |
| Diffuse | 0.65 (0.36–1.18) | 0.81 (0.39–1.68) |
| Rhonchi | ||
| None | Reference | Reference |
| Focal | 1.21 (0.73–1.99) | 0.96 (0.52–1.77) |
| Diffuse | 0.36 (0.24–0.53)b | 0.94 (0.57–1.53) |
| Wheezing | ||
| None | Reference | Reference |
| Focal | 0.97 (0.46–2.03) | 1.08 (0.47–2.45) |
| Diffuse | 0.25 (0.16–0.40)b | 0.44 (0.25–0.78)b |
| Decreased breath sounds | ||
| None | Reference | Reference |
| Focal | 3.51 (2.56–4.81)b | 2.20 (1.48–3.27)b |
| Diffuse | 1.05 (0.59–1.88) | 1.23 (0.64–2.36) |
aOR, adjusted odds ratio; OR, odds ratio.
a
Restricted cubic splines were applied to quantitative predictors to permit modeling of potentially nonlinear association; predictor values for which odds ratios are displayed were arbitrarily selected to illustrate associations.
b
Variables in which P < .05.