Table 2.
Associations between sedentary time (ST), lower intensity physical activity (LPA), higher intensity physical activity (HPA) and incident depressive symptoms measured with the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9 ⩾ 10)
| Events, n(%) | Person-years | Incidence rate (per 1000 py) | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | ||||
| ST* | |||||||||
| 1 (lowest) | 57 (8.2) | 2594 | 21.97 | REF | REF | REF | |||
| 2 (middle) | 72 (10.4) | 2618 | 27.50 | 1.32 | 0.93–1.87 | 1.28 | 0.90–1.81 | 1.25 | 0.87–1.78 |
| 3 (highest) | 74 (10.7) | 2600 | 28.46 | 1.34 | 0.93–1.93 | 1.18 | 0.81–1.71 | 1.13 | 0.76–1.66 |
| LPA** | |||||||||
| 1 (highest) | 54 (7.8) | 2642 | 20.44 | REF | REF | REF | |||
| 2 (middle) | 58 (8.3) | 2612 | 22.20 | 1.06 | 0.73–1.54 | 1.05 | 0.72–1.54 | 1.04 | 0.72–1.52 |
| 3 (lowest) | 91 (13.1) | 2558 | 35.67 | 1.41 | 1.00–2.00 | 1.26 | 0.88–1.80 | 1.23 | 0.85–1.77 |
| HPA*** | |||||||||
| 1 (highest) | 53 (7.6) | 2667 | 19.87 | REF | REF | REF | |||
| 2 (middle) | 57 (8.2) | 2622 | 21.74 | 1.02 | 0.70–1.48 | 0.94 | 0.65–1.38 | 0.91 | 0.62–1.33 |
| 3 (lowest) | 93 (13.4) | 2524 | 36.84 | 1.49 | 1.04–2.13 | 1.25 | 0.86–1.81 | 1.14 | 0.78–1.69 |
HR = hazard ratio, 95% CI = 95% confidence interval, py = person-years.
Model 1 is adjusted for sex, age, level of education, diabetes status and total waking time (h).
Model 2 is additionally adjusted for body mass index, smoking, alcohol and total energy intake.
Model 3 describing ST and LPA is additionally adjusted for HPA (h) and model 3 describing HPA is additionally adjusted for ST (h).
*Mean (s.d.) ST men: lowest 487.8 (51.7) min/d, middle 539.5 (23.5) min/d, highest 693.1 (49.6) min/d.
*cut off value ST men: lowest-middle tertile 553.5 min/d, middle-highest tertile 634.9 min/d.
*Mean (s.d.) ST women: lowest 430.7 (50.8) min/d, middle 528.2 (23.2) min/d, highest 629.1 (48.3) min/d.
*cut off value ST women: lowest-middle tertile 487.7 min/d, middle-highest tertile 567.5 min/d.
**Mean (s.d.) LPA men: lowest 61.5 (12.9) min/d, middle 95.2 (9.7) min/d, highest 138.6 (23.9) min/d.
**Cut off value LPA men: lowest-middle tertile 78.5 min/d, middle-highest tertile 111.7 min/d.
**Mean (s.d.) LPA women: lowest 68.1 (11.3) min/d, middle 95.3 (6.5) min/d, highest 130.0 (20.9) min/d.
**Cut off value LPA women: lowest-middle tertile 84.1 min/d, middle-highest tertile 106.8 min/d.
***Mean (s.d.) HPA men: lowest 5.0 (2.4) min/d, middle 14.8 (3.8) min/d, highest 39.5 (16.8) min/d.
***Cut off value HPA men: lowest-middle tertile 9.1 min/d, middle-highest tertile 22.4 min/d.
***Mean (s.d.) HPA women: lowest 10.3 (4.3) min/d, middle 23.6 (4.1) min/d, highest 47.4 (17.1) min/d.
***Cut off value HPA women: lowest-middle tertile 17.2 min/d, middle-highest tertile 31.2 min/d.