Table 2.

Safety measures that can be practiced by Interventional Cardiologists to limit radiation injury.

Hardware Measures	Software Measures	Personal Measures	Procedural Measures
Pulsed fluoroscopy	Automated exposure control	Regular PPE usea	Use low fluoroscopy mode
Flat panel detectors	Last fluoroscopy Save	Proper use of dosimeter in the collar	Lower frame rate selection
Regular q6 months service of the equipment	Record the DAP for each patient	Regular interrogation of personal dosimeter	Proper collimation
		Use the table and ceiling mounted shield	Keep the image detector close to patient
		Move away from radiation	Less use of LAO cranial oblique views
			Timely termination of angio fluoroscopy

^a-lead apron, cap, goggles, thyroid, forearm and leg shield; PPE – personal protective equipment. LAO – left anterior oblique.