Table 2.
Associations of risk factors with incident CVD by age at onset
| Incident CVD, adjusted sHR (95%CI) | P for interaction | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At age < 55 y | At age 55 to 65 y | At age 65 to 75 y | At age ≥ 75 y | ||
| Clinical risk factors | |||||
| Current smoker | 1.49(1.33–1.67) | 1.28(1.18–1.38) | 1.15(1.05–1.25) | 1.08(0.91–1.29) | 0.0006 |
| Current drinker | 0.82(0.73–0.92) | 0.74(0.68–0.80) | 0.82(0.75–0.90) | 0.85(0.75–0.96) | 0.8373 |
| Physical inactivity | 1.21(1.05–1.38) | 1.12(0.97–1.31) | 1.14(0.99–1.31) | 1.12(1.00–1.28) | 0.0844 |
| Hypertension | 3.77(3.34–4.25) | 2.61(2.41–2.82) | 2.27(2.08–2.48) | 1.59(1.43–1.78) | < 0.0001 |
| Diabetes | 4.08(3.47–4.80) | 2.35(2.13–2.59) | 2.08(1.87–2.31) | 1.36(1.18–1.58) | < 0.0001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 1.62(1.45–1.82) | 1.35(1.25–1.46) | 1.25(1.15–1.35) | 1.12(1.01–1.25) | < 0.0001 |
| Metabolism syndrome | 3.38(2.94–3.88) | 2.22(2.03–2.42) | 1.77(1.61–1.94) | 1.40(1.24–1.58) | < 0.0001 |
| BMI, per SD increment | 1.30(1.25–1.36) | 1.24(1.20–1.29) | 1.10(1.06–1.15) | 1.12(1.06–1.17) | < 0.0001 |
| Overweight or obese | 1.71(1.52–1.92) | 1.42(1.31–1.53) | 1.19(1.10–1.29) | 1.19(1.07–1.32) | < 0.0001 |
| Systolic BP, per SD increment | 2.22(2.12–2.34) | 1.73(1.67–1.78) | 1.58(1.52–1.63) | 1.24(1.18–1.30) | < 0.0001 |
| Diastolic BP, per SD increment | 1.88(1.80–1.96) | 1.47(1.42–1.51) | 1.27(1.22–1.32) | 1.09(1.03–1.15) | < 0.0001 |
| Lipids, per SD increment | |||||
| Total cholesterol | 1.33(1.27–1.38) | 1.10(1.06–1.14) | 1.07(1.03–1.12) | 1.07(1.02–1.13) | < 0.0001 |
| Triglycerides | 1.15(1.11–1.19) | 1.10(1.07–1.13) | 1.08(1.05–1.12) | 1.09(1.03–1.15) | 0.0193 |
| LDL cholesterol | 1.05(0.98–1.14) | 1.01(0.97–1.06) | 1.04(1.00–1.08) | 1.03(0.99–1.08) | 0.8382 |
| HDL cholesterol | 1.14(1.07–1.21) | 1.04(1.00–1.09) | 1.04(1.00–1.08) | 0.98(0.93–1.03) | 0.0023 |
| Total/HDL cholesterol | 1.03(1.01–1.05) | 1.04(1.00–1.07) | 1.00(0.99–1.01) | 1.01(1.00–1.02) | 0.0549 |
| Triglycerides/HDL cholesterol | 1.01(1.00–1.01) | 1.14(1.09–1.19) | 1.07(1.03–1.11) | 1.04(1.01–1.07) | < 0.0001 |
| Non–HDL cholesterol | 1.32(1.26–1.38) | 1.09(1.05–1.13) | 1.06(1.01–1.10) | 1.08(1.03–1.14) | < 0.0001 |
| Remnant cholesterol | 1.31(1.25–1.38) | 1.08(1.04–1.12) | 1.02(0.98–1.06) | 1.05(0.99–1.10) | < 0.0001 |
| Metabolic, per SD increment | |||||
| Fasting blood glucose | 1.31(1.24–1.38) | 1.22(1.19–1.25) | 1.16(1.13–1.19) | 1.09(1.05–1.14) | < 0.0001 |
| Triglyceride-glucose index | 1.42(1.35–1.49) | 1.26(1.22–1.31) | 1.19(1.15–1.24) | 1.14(1.09–1.21) | < 0.0001 |
| eGFR | 0.78(0.73–0.83) | 0.79(0.75–0.84) | 0.74(0.67–0.81) | 0.96(0.85–1.09) | 0.0030 |
| Creatinine | 1.00(0.93–1.06) | 1.04(1.01–1.07) | 1.07(1.04–1.11) | 1.04(1.00–1.08) | 0.1459 |
| Serum uric acid | 1.14(1.08–1.21) | 1.10(1.05–1.14) | 1.18(1.13–1.23) | 1.07(1.02–1.12) | 0.0076 |
| Inflammatory, per SD increment | |||||
| Hs–CRP | 1.12(1.08–1.17) | 1.03(1.01–1.05) | 1.06(1.03–1.09) | 1.03(1.00–1.05) | 0.0001 |
| White blood cell count | 1.07(1.01–1.12) | 1.00(0.99–1.01) | 1.02(0.99–1.04) | 0.97(0.94–1.00) | 0.1470 |
| Neutrophil count | 1.07(1.05–1.10) | 1.03(1.01–1.04) | 1.06(1.04–1.09) | 1.00(0.97–1.03) | 0.0248 |
| Platelet | 1.00(0.99–1.00) | 0.44(0.28–0.69) | 0.68(0.37–1.24) | 0.96(0.55–1.65) | 0.0022 |
| Red blood cell count | 0.00(0.00–0.86) | 1.01(0.98–1.04) | 1.01(0.98–1.04) | 0.97(0.94–1.00) | 0.0708 |
sHRs (95% CI) were obtained from stratified competing risk models with non-CVD death as a competing risk, adjusted for gender, educational level, and family income, and interactions between the risk factors of interest and age groups
CI Confidence interval, CVD Cardiovascular disease, eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate, HDL High-density lipoprotein, hs-CRP High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, LDL Low-density lipoprotein, SD Standard deviation, sHR Sub-distributional hazard ratio