TABLE 1.
US Children Who Were Insured at Time of Survey, Consistently Insured, Adequately Insured, and Adequately and Continuously Insured in 2016–2019, by Child and Family Characteristics
| Characteristic | Overall 2016–2019, Weighted n (Column %) | Insured at Time of Survey, Weighted n (Row %) | Consistently Insured Over Past Year, Weighted n (Row %) | Adequate Insurance Coverage, Weighted n (Row %) | Adequately and Continuously Insured, Weighted n (Row %) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Children | 73 335 159 | 68 292 897 (93.6) | 66 395 741 (91.5) | 50 269 452 (73.7) | 49 323 573 (67.6) |
| Child health complexity | *** | *** | *** | *** | |
| Non-CSHCN | 59 518 364 (81.2) | 55 076 827 (93.1) | 53 615 174 (91.1) | 41 369 384 (75.3) | 40 643 461 (68.7) |
| Less complex CSHCN | 4 041 891 (5.5) | 3 894 653 (96.8) | 3 775 255 (93.9) | 2 802 922 (72.0) | 2 730 904 (67.8) |
| More complex CSHCN | 9 774 904 (13.3) | 9 321 416 (95.8) | 9 005 312 (92.7) | 6 097 147 (65.5) | 5 949 208 (61.1) |
| Child insurance type | *** | *** | *** | *** | |
| Public only | 22 207 679 (30.8) | 22 207 679 (100.0) | 21 079 072 (95.2) | 19 531 920 (88.0) | 18 812 197 (84.7) |
| Private only | 41 709 803 (57.8) | 41 709 803 (100.0) | 41 086 339 (98.5) | 27 634 250 (66.3) | 27 430 137 (65.8) |
| Public and private | 3 289 876 (4.6) | 3 289 876 (100.0) | 3 186 818 (97.0) | 2 327 670 (70.8) | 2 274 884 (69.2) |
| Uninsured | 4 941 778 (6.8) | — | — | — | — |
| Household income (% FPL) | *** | *** | *** | *** | |
| <100 | 14 813 702 (20.2) | 13 281 414 (89.7) | 12 763 543 (86.2) | 12 275 966 (82.9) | 10 662 984 (72.0) |
| 100–199 | 15 987 064 (21.8) | 14 625 562 (91.5) | 14 105 861 (88.2) | 12 449 380 (77.9) | 11 032 268 (69.0) |
| 200–399 | 20 093 833 (27.4) | 18 925 350 (94.2) | 18 482 126 (92.0) | 13 635 863 (67.9) | 12 565 035 (62.5) |
| ≥400 | 22 440 558 (30.6) | 21 832 021 (97.3) | 21 709 996 (96.7) | 15 822 440 (70.5) | 15 307 871 (68.2) |
| Child age, y | *** | P = .008 | *** | *** | |
| 0–5 | 23 617 969 (32.2) | 22 269 560 (94.7) | 21 598 631 (92.3) | 17 197 874 (77.3) | 16 840 790 (71.6) |
| 6–11 | 24 767 317 (33.8) | 23 058 945 (93.7) | 22 400 281 (91.4) | 16 869 650 (73.2) | 16 523 944 (67.1) |
| 12–17 | 24 949 873 (34.0) | 22 964 391 (92.6) | 22 396 829 (90.7) | 16 201 928 (70.7) | 15 958 839 (64.3) |
| Sex | P = .92 | P = .95 | P = .72 | P = .87 | |
| Male | 37 481 907 (51.1) | 34 891 514 (93.6) | 33 907 009 (91.5) | 25 647 704 (73.6) | 25 186 092 (67.5) |
| Female | 35 853 252 (48.9) | 33 401 383 (93.7) | 32 488 732 (91.4) | 24 621 748 (73.8) | 24 137 481 (67.6) |
| Child race and ethnicity | *** | *** | *** | *** | |
| Hispanic | 18 397 567 (25.1) | 16 509 175 (90.3) | 15 850 946 (86.9) | 12 448 279 (75.5) | 12 090 075 (66.1) |
| White, non-Hispanic | 37 321 140 (50.9) | 35 440 993 (95.3) | 34 739 935 (94.0) | 25 230 036 (71.3) | 24 913 996 (67.0) |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 9 676 323 (13.2) | 8 902 309 (93.0) | 8 538 975 (89.4) | 7 114 405 (80.1) | 6 920 203 (72.2) |
| Other/multiracial | 7 940 128 (10.8) | 7 440 419 (94.3) | 7 265 885 (92.6) | 5 476 733 (73.8) | 5 399 299 (68.4) |
| Child born in the United States | *** | *** | *** | *** | |
| Yes | 69 851 327 (95.9) | 65 498 818 (94.1) | 63 718 738 (92.0) | 48 322 331 (73.9) | 47 404 133 (68.1) |
| No | 2 974 936 (4.1) | 2 459 516 (83.7) | 2 355 164 (80.2) | 1 707 765 (69.5) | 1 666 146 (56.5) |
| Family structure | *** | *** | *** | *** | |
| Two parents, married | 46 654 132 (65.5) | 43 995 208 (94.5) | 43 054 521 (93.0) | 31 323 468 (71.3) | 30 822 219 (66.2) |
| Two parents, not married | 6 260 099 (8.8) | 5 758 147 (92.6) | 5 532 636 (89.2) | 4 453 946 (77.5) | 4 350 188 (69.9) |
| Single parent | 13 514 839 (19.0) | 12 464 674 (92.7) | 11 948 384 (89.0) | 9 567 481 (76.9) | 9 287 398 (69.0) |
| Grandparent | 2 233 051 (3.1) | 2 020 144 (92.1) | 1 953 468 (89.9) | 1 724 926 (85.6) | 1 702 588 (77.4) |
| Other | 2 574 627 (3.6) | 2 278 334 (89.8) | 2 174 180 (86.2) | 1 878 267 (82.5) | 1 819 192 (71.6) |
| Highest parental educational attainment | *** | *** | *** | *** | |
| Less than high school | 6 722 963 (9.2) | 5 362 123 (80.9) | 5 130 744 (78.4) | 4 382 877 (81.8) | 4 248 852 (64.0) |
| High school | 14 026 904 (19.1) | 12 682 702 (91.0) | 12 178 549 (87.8) | 10 142 135 (80.1) | 9 852 003 (70.6) |
| Some college | 16 092 256 (21.9) | 15 083 016 (94.2) | 14 518 078 (90.9) | 11 171 538 (74.2) | 10 886 095 (67.9) |
| College or more | 35 845 273 (48.9) | 34 601 515 (96.8) | 34 015 345 (95.5) | 24 152 357 (69.9) | 23 899 286 (66.9) |
In all analyses, we used person-level and survey-year weights provided by the NSCH to generate estimates of population size and prevalence; —, not applicable.
***
P < .001 in χ2 analysis.