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. 2022 Nov 9;27:241. doi: 10.1186/s40001-022-00880-z

Table 1.

Intracellular Ca2+ handling properties in female cardiomyocytes compared to male cardiomyocytes

Parameters Differences Species Source Age [Ca2+] (mM) Ca2+ dye Temp. Refs.
Ca2+ transient amplitude ↓ Rat V  ~ 50 days 1.8 Fura-2 AM 37 °C [50]
↓ Mice V 5–10 months 1 Fura-2 AM 37 °C [54]
↓ Rat LV  ~ 3 months 0.5,1,1.5 and 2 Fura-2 AM 25 °C [49]
 ↔  Mice V  ~ 7 and 24 months 1 Fura-2 AM 37 °C [51]
 ↔  Rat V  ~ 3 months 1.8 Fura-2 AM 37 °C [52]
Ca2+ transient time-to-peak ↑ Rat LV  ~ 3 months 0.5, Fura-2 AM 25 °C [49]
↑ Rat V  ~ 50 days 1.8 Fura-2 AM 37 °C [50]
↑ Rat V  ~ 3 months 1.8 Fura-2 AM 37 °C [52]
 ↔  – –  ~ 24 months – – – –
Ca2+ transient rise rate ↓ Rat V  ~ 50 days 1.8 Fura-2 AM 37 °C [50]
↓ Rat V  ~ 3 months 1.8 Fura-2 AM 37 °C [52]
 ↔  –  ~ 24 months – – – –
 ↔  Mice V  ~ 7 and 24 months 1.5 Fura-2 AM 37 °C [51]
Ca2+ transient 90% decay time ↓ Rat V  ~ 24 months 1.8 Fura-2 AM 37 °C [52]
 ↔  –  ~ 3 months – – – –
 ↔  Rat V  ~ 50 days 1.8 Fura-2 AM 37 °C [50]
Ca2+ transient decay rate ↓ Rat LV  ~ 3 months 1.5 Fura-2 AM 25 °C [49]
Diastolic Ca2+ ↓ Rat V  ~ 50 days 1.8 Fura-2 AM 37 °C [50]
↓ Rat V  ~ 3 months 1.8 Fura-2 AM 37 °C [52]
 ↔  –  ~ 24 months – – – –
 ↔  Mice V 5–10 months 1 Fura-2 AM 37 °C [54]
 ↔  Mice V  ~ 7 months 1 Fura-2 AM 37 °C [51]
↑  ~ 24 months
Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content  ↔  Rat V  ~ 50 days 1.8 Fura-2 AM 37 °C [50]
 ↔  Mice V 5–10 months 1 Fura-2 AM 37 °C [54]
↑ Guinea pig 7 weeks 1 NA 37 °C [55]
E-C coupling gain ↓ Rat V  ~ 50 days 1.8 Fura-2 AM 37 °C [50]
↓ Mice V 5–10 months 1 Fura-2 AM 37 °C [54]
↓ Rat V  ~ 3 months 1.8 Fura-2 AM 37 °C [52]
 ↔  – –  ~ 24 months – – – –
 ↔  Mice V  ~ 7 and 24 months 1 Fura-2 AM 37 °C [51]
Ca2+ Spark frequency  ↔  Rat V  ~ 50 days 1.8 Fluo-4 AM 37 °C [50]
 ↔  Mice V 5–10 months 1 Fluo-4 AM 37 °C [54]
Ca2+ Spark amplitude ↓ Rat V  ~ 50 days 1.8 Fluo-4 AM 37 °C [50]
↓ Mice V 5–10 months 1 Fluo-4 AM 37 °C [54]
Ca2+ Spark decay ↓ Rat V  ~ 50 days 1.8 Fluo-4 AM 37 °C [50]
↓ Mice V 5–10 months 1 Fluo-4 AM 37 °C [54]
Ca2+ Spark duration ↓ Rat V  ~ 50 days 1.8 Fluo-4 AM 37 °C [50]
 ↔  Mice V 5–10 months 1 Fluo-4 AM 37 °C [54]

V ventricle, LV left ventricle