Table 1. List of CRISPR/Cas Systems Used for Detection of Bacterial Pathogens.

bacteria	system name	target nucleic acid for extraction	target	effector Cas	amplification method	sensitivity	read out	time	ref
L. monocytogenes	Cas-EXPAR	RNA	hemolysin (hly) gene	Cas9	EXPAR	0.82 amol (0.82 × 10–9 nmol)	fluorescence detection	≈1 h	Huang et al. 201847
L. monocytogenes	CASLFA	DNA	hemolysin (hly) gene	dCas9	PCR/Isothermal amplification	150 copies	lateral flow nucleic acid (LFA)	40 min–1 h	Wang et al. 202048
M. tuberculosis	Paired dCas9	DNA	16s rRNA	dCas9	PCR	5 × 10–5 nmol/mL	luminescence	1 h	Zhang et al. 201749
M. tuberculosis	CRISPR-MTB	DNA	IS6110	Cas12a	RPA	50 CFU/mL	qPCR instrument	≈1.5 h	Ai et al. 201950
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)	DNA-FISH	DNA	mecA gene	dCas9	Amplification free	10 CFU/mL	fluorescence detection	≈ 0.5 h	Guk et al. 201751
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)	E-Si-CRISPR	DNA	mecA gene	Cas12a	Amplification free	3.5 fM (3.5 × 10–9 nmol/mL)	electrochemical	1.5 h	Suea-Ngam et al. 202152
Salmonella sp.	APC-Cas	--	whole bacteria	Cas13a	Isothermal amplification	1 CFU	fluorescence detection	2 h20 min	Shen et al. 202053
Salmonella sp.	CRISPR/Cas12a-powered dual-mode biosensor	DNA	invA gene	Cas12a	PCR	1 CFU/mL	naked eye/colorimetric/photothermal	1 h	Ma et al. 202154
E. coli O157:H7	CRISPR/Cas9 triggered SDA-RCA	DNA	hemolysin A (hlyA) gene	Cas9	SDA + RCA	40 CFU/mL	fluorescence detection	2 h	Sun et al. 202055
P. aeruginosa	CRISPR/Cas and loop mediated isothermal amplification (CIA)	DNA	acyltransferase gene	Cas12a	LAMP	1 CFU/mL	naked eye detection	50 min	Mukama et al. 202037
A. baumannii	multiplex PCR integrated with CRISPR/Cas system	DNA	β-lactamase genes	Cas12a	Multiplex PCR	50 CFU/mL	fluorescence detection	2 h	Wang et al. 202156