TABLE 2.

Developmental Outcomes

	Cohort, Mean ± SD			Adjusted P (95% CI)a
	1	2	3	Cohorts 2–1	Cohorts 3–1	Cohorts 3–2
Evaluations
No. (range)	2.43 ± 1.45 (1 to 9)	2.27 ± 1.04 (1 to 7)	1.38 ± 0.73 (1 to 4)	.77 (−0.7 to 0.4)	<.001 (−1.7 to −0.4)	.02 (−1.7 to −0.1)
Chronological age
Initial, mo	19 ± 10	24 ± 16	37 ± 19	.04 (0.3 to 11.6)	<.001 (12.0 to 24.5)	<.001 (4.7 to 19.8)
Final, mo	39 ± 16	51 ± 21	57 ± 7	.04 (0.6 to 24.4)	.20 (−7.3 to 44.3)	.85 (−20.6 to 32.7)
MSEL
Initial developmental age, mo	13 ± 6	8 ± 5	7 ± 6	<.001 (−8.0 to −2.8)	<.001 (−9.1 to −3.5)	.81 (−4.3 to 2.5)
Final developmental age, mo	18 ± 10	11 ± 7	8 ± 8	<.001 (−10.6 to −2.4)	<.001 (−14.5 to −5.4)	.31 (−8.9 to 2.1)
VABS
Initial developmental age, mo	19 ± 13	10 ± 7	12 ± 10	.001 (−14.9 to −3.2)	.13 (−13.7 to 1.3)	.72 (−5.8 to 11.6)
Final developmental age, mo	27 ± 20	18 ± 22	12 ± 10	.09 (−18.0 to 1.0)	.02 (−26.7 to −1.7)	.61 (−20.2 to 8.7)
PLS
Initial raw score	28 ± 13	22 ± 8	22 ± 15	.06 (−13.1 to 0.3)	.13 (−13.8 to 1.4)	1.00 (−9.1 to 9.5)
Final raw score	50 ± 30	40 ± 24	27 ± 17	.18 (−23.7 to 3.3)	.003 (−39.6 to −6.5)	.27 (−32.5 to 6.8)
LEAQ
Initial raw score	7 ± 9	7 ± 7	2 ± 3	.97 (−4.8 to 5.9)	.28 (−11.4 to 2.5)	.30 (−13.1 to 3.0)
Final raw score	15 ± 13	13 ± 10	2 ± 3	.76 (−8.6 to 4.7)	.002 (−21.9 to −4.3)	.02 (−21.1 to −1.2)
PSI
Initial total score	196 ± 33	226 ± 45	252 ± 42	<.001 (11.4 to 48.8)	<.001 (31.4 to 80.5)	.08 (−2.4 to 54.1)
Final total score	200 ± 41	227 ± 46	252 ± 41	.007 (6.2 to 47.7)	<.001 (24.1 to 79.2)	.16 (−6.8 to 56.2)

Cohort 1, normal cognitive skills and adaptive behavior, underwent cochlear implantation, not lost to follow-up (n = 99); cohort 2, EDI, underwent cochlear implantation, not lost to follow-up (n = 32); cohort 3, EDI, hearing aids only, not lost to follow-up (n = 29).

^aTukey post hoc subgroup comparisons.