| Interventions |
Exercise arm
TIDieR item 1: (brief name: provide the name or a phrase that describes the intervention): reablement (exercise programme with supervision or assistance, or both) and usual care. TIDieR item 2: (why: describe any rationale, theory or goal of the elements essential to the intervention): the intervention was designed to improve functional outcomes and quality of life. The simplified reablement programme in this study was based on a literature review and the developed programme was validated through expert consensus. TIDieR item 3: (what (materials): describe any physical or informational materials used in the intervention, including those provided to participants or used in intervention delivery or in training of intervention providers): mini‐pedal bike able to be used in supine and seated position. TIDieR item 4: (what (procedures): describe each of the procedures, activities or processes (or a combination) used in the intervention, including any enabling or support activities): the programme was tailored to the participant's ability and consisted predominantly of mobility activities designed to be carried out in a hospital setting. A researcher undertook the supervision and assistance each morning for the participant's assigned reablement intervention. The intervention activities included, sitting and standing balance training, use of a mini‐pedal bike in supine or seated position, ambulation training with or without assistance (assistance from family or walking aids). TIDieR item 5: (who provided: for each category of intervention provider (e.g. psychologist, nursing assistant), describe their expertise, background and any specific training given): not specified other than 'the researcher'. TIDieR item 6: (how: describe the modes of delivery (such as face‐to‐face or by some other mechanism, such as Internet or telephone) of the intervention and whether it was provided individually or in a group): individually face‐to‐face. TIDieR item 7: (where: describe the type(s) of location(s) where the intervention occurred, including any necessary infrastructure or relevant features): the medical wards of a 1135‐bed tertiary‐care medical centre in southern Taiwan. TIDieR item 8: (when and how much: describe the number of times the intervention was delivered and over what period of time including the number of sessions, their schedule, and their duration, intensity or dose): the programme commenced within 48 hours of admission and continued throughout hospitalisation. Intervention duration for a maximum of 30 minutes per day (e.g. if a participant was able to walk independently and be assigned to level 4 (ambulation training), then that participant could choose to walk for 10 minutes 3 times per day or to walk for 30 minutes once per day if he/she could tolerate it). TIDieR item 9: (tailoring: if the intervention was planned to be personalised, titrated or adapted, then describe what, why, when and how): the intervention consisted of 4 levels. Exercises progressed based on the participants functional ability, which was assessed daily. TIDieR item 10: (modifications: if the intervention was modified during the course of the study, describe the changes (what, why, when and how)): not specified. TIDieR item 11: (how well (planned): if intervention adherence or fidelity was assessed, describe how and by whom, and if any strategies were used to maintain or improve fidelity, describe them): not specified. TIDieR item 12: (how well (actual): if intervention adherence or fidelity was assessed, describe the extent to which the intervention was delivered as planned): not specified.
'Reminder' arm (not included in meta‐analysis)
TIDieR item 1: reminder group (reminding to complete exercise programme, no supervision or assistance). TIDieR item 2: the intervention was designed to minimise functional decline in older people and promote and optimise functional independence. TIDieR item 3: mini‐pedal bike able to be used in supine and seated position. TIDieR item 4: participants' functional level was assessed daily, and they received verbal encouragement from the researcher to continue their reablement assignments for 30 minutes each day. TIDieR item 5: not specified other than 'the researcher'. TIDieR item 6: individual, face‐to‐face reminders. TIDieR item 7: the medical wards of a 1135‐bed tertiary‐care medical centre in southern Taiwan. TIDieR item 8: the programme commenced within 48 hours of admission and continued throughout hospitalisation. TIDieR item 9: the intervention consisted of 4 levels. Exercises progressed based on the participants functional ability, which was assessed daily. TIDieR item 10: not specified. TIDieR item 11: not specified. TIDieR item 12: not specified.
Control arm
TIDieR item 1: usual care. TIDieR item 2: not specified. TIDieR item 3: not specified. TIDieR item 4: usual care included medical intervention consistent with the participant's diagnosis and resources available on the acute medical wards. TIDieR item 5: not specified. TIDieR item 6: not specified. TIDieR item 7: the medical wards of a 1135‐bed tertiary‐care medical centre in southern Taiwan. TIDieR item 8: not specified. TIDieR item 9: not specified. TIDieR item 10: not specified. TIDieR item 11: not specified. TIDieR item 12: not specified.
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