FIGURE 1.

Chest computed tomography (CT) scan in CSF2RA and MARS patients. a–f) Patient with a complete deletion of CSF2RA. a–c) Chest CT scan at diagnosis in a 6-year-old girl showing diffuse ground-glass opacities (black asterisks) superimposed with interlobular septa thickening (black arrows) and intra-lobular lines (black arrowheads). d–f) Chest CT scan in the same patient at the age of 9 years and 1 month after a programme of bi-annual whole-lung lavage, showing a great improvement with only moderate and patchy ground-glass opacities (black asterisks). g–l) Patient from Comoros, Africa, harbouring the biallelic Ala393Thr/Ser567Leu mutations of MARS. g–i) Chest CT scan at diagnosis in an 8-month-old boy showing both ground-glass opacities (black asterisks) with interlobular septa thickening (black arrows) and important postero-basal consolidations (black curved arrows). j–l) Chest CT scan in the same patient at 10 years. Regular whole-lung lavages were performed on a weekly, then monthly and finally 3-monthly basis from diagnosis until the age of 3 years and 4 months. The patient had no specific treatment at the time of the CT that shows persistent ground-glass opacities (black asterisks) and septal thickening (black arrows) associated with the appearance of subpleural cystic lesions and signs of fibrosis with honey-combing (white asterisks).