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Effects of ESD on objective measures of sleep. Data present estimated marginal means ± SEM based on GLMMs for (A) TST, (B) WASO, (C) sleep stage N1, (D) sleep stage N2, (E) sleep stage N3, and (F) rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep for the ESD condition (red lines) and the control condition (blue lines). The gray shaded area indicates recovery periods with an 8-hour sleep opportunity per night. **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05, n = 22–24.
