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. 2022 Oct 27;13:971409. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.971409

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Copyright © 2022 Liu, Yin, Yang, Wei and Hu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Rhein protects against D-galactosamine/LPS-induced altered feceal metabolites. (A) Principal component analysis (PCA) (PC1 = 38.8%): the partial least squared discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) score plot based on LC-MS profiling data of feceal samples (compound1 = 47.2%). Each dot with three kinds of color represents the different samples. (B) Meaningful metabolic pathways in the comparison of NC and Model group, and Model and Rhein groups. (C) Based on VIP > 1, P < 0.05, FDR < 0.05 as a filter for differential metabolites between normal control and ALF groups, and rhein treatment significantly improved metabolic disorders, *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01. (D) Heatmap of the correlation between the altered microbial community and significantly changed metabolites. The color indicates the Spearman’s correlation coefficient.