Fig. 3. Prognostic roles of gut integrative microbiomes for post-acute COVID-19 syndrome.

A Comparison of α-diversity (Shannon diversity index, two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test, p = 0.029) of patients at 6 months after viral clearance between two identified patient clusters (Cluster 1 at 6 months, n = 42; Cluster 2 at 6 months, n = 36) and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of gut multi-biome of patients at 6 months after virus clearance based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarity illustrates two patient clusters (PERMANOVA: Adonis test). The line in the boxplot indicates the median value. Box plots lower and upper hinges correspond to the first and third quartiles and upper and lower whiskers represent the highest and lowest values within 1.5 times the interquartile range. B MaAslin analysis of observed clusters illustrating discriminant taxa at 6 months after virus clearance. C Comparison of post-acute symptoms of COVID-19 patients in two clusters (Chi-square test with one degree of freedom, Benjamini–Hochberg correction, p < 0.05; q < 0.1).