Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2-Positive Participants at 6 Months or More After Their Infection (n = 1497)
| No fatigue (n = 1239) | Fatigue (n = 258) | Total (n = 1497) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Age categories | 0.271 | |||
| Below 40 | 505 (40.8) | 102 (39.5) | 607 (40.5) | |
| 40–59 | 565 (45.6) | 129 (50.0) | 694 (46.4) | |
| 60 and above | 169 (13.6) | 27 (10.5) | 196 (13.1) | |
| Sex | < 0.001 | |||
| Male | 566 (45.6) | 82 (31.8) | 645 (43.2) | |
| Female | 673 (54.4) | 176 (68.2) | 847 (56.8) | |
| Education | 0.124 | |||
| Primary | 47 (4.7) | 10 (4.9) | 57 (4.8) | |
| Apprenticeship | 108 (10.9) | 20 (9.9) | 128 (10.7) | |
| Secondary | 125 (12.6) | 35 (17.2) | 160 (13.4) | |
| Tertiary | 643 (64.9) | 117 (57.6) | 760 (63.7) | |
| Other | 55 (5.6) | 15 (7.4) | 70 (5.9) | |
| Prefer not to answer | 12 (1.2) | 6 (3.0) | 18 (1.5) | |
| Profession | 0.588 | |||
| None | 88 (8.9) | 15 (7.4) | 103 (8.6) | |
| Unskilled workers | 39 (3.9) | 5 (2.5) | 44 (3.7) | |
| Skilled workers | 153 (15.5) | 40 (19.7) | 193 (16.2) | |
| High-grade skilled workers | 255 (25.8) | 58 (28.6) | 313 (26.2) | |
| Professional managers | 284 (28.7) | 52 (25.6) | 336 (28.2) | |
| Other | 159 (16.1) | 30 (14.8) | 189 (15.8) | |
| Prefer not to answer | 12 (1.2) | 3 (1.5) | 15 (1.3) | |
| Civil status | 0.151 | |||
| Single | 200 (17.9) | 47 (18.2) | 247 (18) | |
| In couple, not married | 258 (23.1) | 73 (28.3) | 331 (24.1) | |
| Married or registered partnership | 546 (48.9) | 107 (41.5) | 653 (47.5) | |
| Divorced or separated | 98 (8.8) | 28 (10.9) | 126 (9.2) | |
| Widowed | 11 (1.0) | 1 (0.4) | 12 (0.9) | |
| Other | 3 (0.3) | 2 (0.8) | 5 (0.4) | |
| Have children | 704 (63.1) | 157 (60.9) | 861 (62.7) | 0.505 |
| Living status | 0.023 | |||
| Alone | 195 (17.5) | 52 (20.2) | 247 (18.0) | |
| Single parent with children | 55 (4.9) | 21 (8.1) | 76 (5.5) | |
| In couple, without children | 258 (23.1) | 56 (21.7) | 314 (22.9) | |
| In couple, with children | 503 (45.1) | 95 (36.8) | 598 (43.6) | |
| Cohabitation with other people | 104 (9.3) | 34 (13.2) | 138 (10.1) | |
| Work situation | 0.002 | |||
| Salaried | 815 (73.2) | 186 (72.1) | 1,001 (73) | |
| Retired | 86 (7.7) | 11 (4.3) | 97 (7.1) | |
| Student or training | 80 (7.2) | 19 (7.4) | 99 (7.2) | |
| Independent worker | 52 (4.7) | 11 (4.3) | 63 (4.6) | |
| Homemaker | 23 (2.1) | 5 (1.9) | 28 (2) | |
| Unemployed | 25 (2.2) | 15 (5.8) | 40 (2.9) | |
| Disability | 7 (0.6) | 7 (2.7) | 14 (1.0) | |
| Other | 25 (2.2) | 4 (1.6) | 29 (2.1) | |
| Contract situation | < 0.001 | |||
| Short-term contract | 85 (9.2) | 26 (12.4) | 111 (9.8) | |
| Long-term contract | 655 (71.2) | 167 (79.9) | 822 (72.8) | |
| Subsidized contract | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (0.2) | |
| Training | 19 (2.1) | 2 (1.0) | 21 (1.9) | |
| Not concerned | 40 (4.3) | 9 (4.3) | 49 (4.3) | |
| Other | 120 (13.0) | 4 (1.9) | 124 (11.0) | |
| Work activity | 0.047 | |||
| Not working | 21 (2.2) | 4 (1.8) | 25 (2.1) | |
| Less than 30% | 22 (2.3) | 4 (1.8) | 26 (2.2) | |
| 30–49% | 33 (3.4) | 7 (3.2) | 40 (3.4) | |
| 50–79% | 103 (10.6) | 38 (17.3) | 141 (11.9) | |
| 80–99% | 172 (17.8) | 48 (21.8) | 220 (18.5) | |
| 100% | 608 (62.7) | 115 (52.3) | 723 (60.8) | |
| Prefer not to answer | 10 (1.0) | 4 (1.8) | 14 (1.2) | |
| Smoking status | 0.142 | |||
| Non-smoker | 715 (59.6) | 145 (56.2) | 860 (59.0) | |
| Ex-smoker | 315 (26.3) | 68 (26.4) | 383 (26.3) | |
| Current smoker | 141 (11.8) | 36 (14.0) | 177 (12.1) | |
| Prefer not to answer | 28 (2.3) | 9 (3.5) | 37(2.5) | |
| Activity level | < 0.001 | |||
| None | 143 (11.9) | 58 (22.5) | 201 (13.8) | |
| Partial | 605 (50.5) | 145 (56.2) | 750 (51.5) | |
| Full physical activity | 438 (36.5) | 51 (19.8) | 489 (33.6) | |
| Prefer not to answer | 13 (1.1) | 4 (1.6) | 17 (1.2) | |
| Vaccination status | 0.001 | |||
| No vaccination | 171 (14.6) | 19 (7.4) | 190 (13.3) | |
| Partially vaccinated (1 dose) | 212 (18.1) | 60 (23.3) | 272 (19.0) | |
| Fully vaccinated (at least 2 doses) | 782 (63.1) | 177 (68.6) | 959 (64.1) | |
| Prefer not to answer | 8 (0.7) | 2 (0.8) | 10 (0.7) | |
| Hospitalization | 62 (5.3) | 22 (8.8) | 84 (5.9) | 0.086 |
| Reinfection | 120 (9.7) | 29 (11.2) | 149 (10.0) | 0.448 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.063 | |||
| Below 18.5 | 33 (3.0) | 7 (2.9) | 40 (3.0) | |
| 18.5–24.9 | 579 (53.5) | 132 (53.9) | 711 (53.6) | |
| 25–29.9 | 265 (24.5) | 74 (30.2) | 339 (25.5) | |
| 30–34.9 | 183 (16.9) | 25 (10.2) | 208 (15.7) | |
| 35 and above | 22 (2.0) | 7 (2.9) | 29 (2.2) | |
| Symptoms at testing | 0.002 | |||
| Pauci-symptomatic | 219 (23.7) | 26 (13.5) | 245 (21.9) | |
| Have several symptoms | 707 (76.3) | 167 (86.5) | 874 (78.1) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| None | 665 (53.7) | 115 (44.6) | 780 (52.1) | 0.012 |
| Obesity or overweight | 159 (12.8) | 32 (12.4) | 191 (12.8) | 0.504 |
| Hypertension | 81 (6.5) | 16 (6.2) | 97 (6.5) | 0.168 |
| Diabetes | 18 (1.5) | 7 (2.7) | 25 (1.7) | 0.164 |
| Respiratory disease | 31 (2.5) | 9 (3.5) | 40 (2.7) | 0.455 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 24 (1.9) | 6 (2.3) | 30 (2.0) | 0.540 |
| Headache disorders | 107 (8.6) | 30 (11.6) | 137 (9.2) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic pain or fibromyalgia | 5 (0.4) | 4 (1.6) | 9 (0.6) | 0.028 |
| Hyperthyroidism | 5 (0.4) | 3 (1.2) | 8 (0.5) | 0.054 |
| Hypothyroidism | 22 (1.8) | 8 (3.1) | 30 (2.0) | 0.029 |
| Anemia | 18 (1.5) | 8 (3.1) | 26 (1.7) | 0.020 |
| Chronic fatigue | 13 (1.0) | 6 (2.3) | 19 (1.3) | 0.046 |
| Cognitive disorders | 25 (2.0) | 3 (1.2) | 28 (1.9) | 0.395 |
| Sleep disorders | 78 (6.3) | 20 (7.8) | 98 (6.5) | 0.361 |
| Depression | 29 (2.3) | 9 (3.5) | 38 (2.5) | 0.542 |
| Anxiety | 41 (3.3) | 12 (4.7) | 53 (3.5) | 0.990 |
| Irritable bowel syndrome | 40 (3.2) | 9 (3.5) | 49 (3.3) | 0.309 |
| Rheumatologic disorders | 49 (4.0) | 6 (2.3) | 55 (3.7) | 0.727 |
| Tendinitis | 25 (2.0) | 8 (3.1) | 33 (2.2) | 0.022 |