Table 3.
Estimated marginal means and fixed effects for primary and secondary outcomes
| Group | Time 1 M (SE) |
Time 2 M (SE) |
Effect | B (SE) | 95% CI | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSS | Intervention | 51.91 (0.61) | 43.96 (0.80) | Time | 5.97 (0.62) | [4.75, 7.19] | < .001 |
| Control | 52.60 (0.60) | 46.63 (0.64) | Group | − 2.67 (1.03) | [− 4.70, − 0.64] | .010 | |
| Time × group | 1.98 (1.00) | [0.00, 3.95] | .050 | ||||
| Age | 0.00 (0.80) | [− 0.16, 0.16] | .985 | ||||
| Previous psychological problem | 0.66 (0.78) | [− 0.87, 2.20] | .395 | ||||
| IM-P | Intervention | 103.90 (0.92) | 107.73 (1.14) | Time | − 1.59 (0.73) | [− 3.03, − 0.16] | .030 |
| Control | 104.14 (0.91) | 105.73 (0.96) | Group | 2.01 (1.49) | [− 0.93, 4.94] | .180 | |
| Time × group | − 2.24 (1.20) | [− 4.61, 0.12] | .063 | ||||
| Age | 0.16 (0.13) | [− 0.09, 0.41] | .197 | ||||
| Previous psychological Problem | − 3.17 (1.23) | [− 5.59, − 0.75] | .010 | ||||
| SCS-SF | Intervention | 33.23 (0.64) | 35.08 (0.80) | Time | − 1.38 (0.51) | [− 2.39, − 0.37] | .008 |
| Control | 32.30 (0.64) | 33.68 (0.67) | Group | 1.40 (1.05) | [− 0.66, 3.46] | .185 | |
| Time × group | − 0.47 (0.85) | [− 2.14, 1.20] | .579 | ||||
| Age | 0.17 (0.09) | [− 0.00, 0.35] | .051 | ||||
| Previous psychological problem | − 5.02 (0.86) | [− 6.72, − 3.33] | < .001 | ||||
| EPDS | Intervention | 12.41 (0.43) | 10.47 (0.57) | Time | 0.80 (0.40) | [0.02, 1.59] | .045 |
| Control | 12.68 (0.43) | 11.88 (0.46) | Group | − 1.42 (0.73) | [− 2.86, 0.02] | .054 | |
| Time × group | 1.14 (0.66) | [− 1.55, 2.44] | .084 | ||||
| Age | − 0.13 (0.06) | [− 0.24, − 0.02] | .026 | ||||
| Previous psychological problem | 2.58 (0.57) | [1.46, 3.69] | < .001 | ||||
| HADS | Intervention | 10.04 (0.32) | 9.39 (0.42) | Time | 0.03 (0.28) | [− 0.52, 0.58] | .908 |
| Control | 10.07 (0.32) | 10.03 (0.34) | Group | − 0.65 (0.54) | [− 1.71, 0.41] | .232 | |
| Time × group | 0.62 (0.46) | [− 0.29, 1.53] | .178 | ||||
| Age | − 0.12 (0.04) | [− 0.20, − 0.03] | .009 | ||||
| Previous psychological problem | 1.97 (0.43) | [1.13, 2.82] | < .001 | ||||
| MAAS | Intervention | 48.00 (1.15) | 51.58 (1.47) | Time | − 0.33 (0.90) | [− 2.11, 1.44] | .712 |
| Control | 48.29 (1.15) | 48.63 (1.21) | Group | 2.95 (1.91) | [− 0.80, 6.71] | .123 | |
| Time × group | − 3.25 (1.52) | [− 6.25, − 0.25] | .034 | ||||
| Age | 0.09 (0.16) | [− 0.22, 0.41] | .565 | ||||
| Previous psychological problem | − 5.52 (1.56) | [− 8.59, − 2.46] | < .001 | ||||
| DITQ | Intervention | 24.09 (0.65) | 21.79 (0.86) | Time | 0.12 (0.58) | [− 1.03, 1.27] | .837 |
| Control | 23.66 (0.64) | 23.54 (0.69) | Group | − 1.75 (1.11) | [− 3.93, 0.43] | .115 | |
| Time × group | 2.18 (0.97) | [0.26, 4.10] | .026 | ||||
| Age | − 0.10 (0.09) | [− 0.27, 0.08] | .276 | ||||
| Previous psychological probleM | − 0.18 (0.86) | [− 1.87, 0.81] | .834 | ||||
| PBQ | Intervention | 8.31 (0.44) | 6.58 (0.54) | Time | 0.97 (0.34) | [0.29, 1.64] | .005 |
| Control | 9.44 (0.44) | 8.47 (0.46) | Group | − 1.89 (0.71) | [− 3.29, − 0.50] | .008 | |
| Time × group | 0.76 (0.57) | [− 0.36, 1.87] | .182 | ||||
| Age | − 0.03 (0.06) | [− 0.15, 0.09] | .643 | ||||
| Previous psychological problem | 0.19 (0.59) | [− 0.97, 1.35] | .745 |
PSS, Parental Stress Scale; IM-P, Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale - Infant version; SCS-SF, Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form; EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; HADS, Anxiety Subscale of the Portuguese version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; MAAS, Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale; DITQ, Difficult Infant Temperament Questionnaire; PBQ, Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire