Table 4.
Odds Ratios With 95% Confidence Intervals for Demographics, Symptoms, and Signs Associated With Fatality or Meningitis for Adults With Cutaneous Anthrax
| Fatality | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Overall | Early | Late | Meningitis |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age 46–64 vs ≤45, years | 2.8 (1.3–6.1) | 21.8 (2.9–∞) | 3.3 (1.4–7.6) | |
| Age 65+ vs ≤45, years | 49.7 (2.1–∞) | |||
| South East Asia vs Europe | 8.2 (2.8–25.4) | 16.5 (4.6–70.2) | 7.6 (3.5–24.8) | |
| Africa vs Europe | 12.9 (2.9–68.9) | 10.5 (1.2–84.7) | 8.1 (1.8–38.5) | |
| Clinical findings on presentation | ||||
| Symptoms | ||||
| Fever/chillsa | 4.2 (1.9–9.9) | 3.7 (1.5–10.6) | 4.5 (1.1–26.9) | 3.9 (1.6–10.2) |
| Anxiety | 12.5 (1.2–628.3) | 15.5 (1.2–843.8) | ||
| Headachea | 6.1 (1.7–24.5) | 5.6 (1.2–26.3) | 9.2 (2.5–37.9) | |
| Severe headachea | 10.0 (1.2–∞) | |||
| Abdominal pain | 26.8 (3.1–∞) | 10.0 (1.2–∞) | ||
| Nausea/vomitinga | 48.3 (9.3–∞) | 46.7 (8.5–∞) | 45.7 (6.7–∞) | 73.4 (14.6–∞) |
| Vital signs | ||||
| Diastolic hypotension | 17.3 (1.2–∞) | 29.2 (1.6–∞) | ||
| Skin | ||||
| Lymphadenopathy | 3.9 (1.5–10.6) | 2.9 (1.2–7.3) | ||
| Trauma | 3.7 (1.1–12.9) | 4.9 (1.2–19.0) | ||
| Thoracic edema | 3.8 (1.3–11.3) | 4.6 (1.3–15.7) | 3.5 (1.1–10.5) | |
| Malignant pustule edema | 3.5 (1.3–9.0) | 3.9 (1.2–11.7) | 7.4 (1.2–42.5) | 5.4 (2.0–14.8) |
| Neurologic | ||||
| Nonheadache, nonmeningeal signsa | 113.8 (16.9–∞) | 221.9 (29.9–∞) | 37.0 (2.8–∞) | 333.0 (68.4–∞) |
| Other | ||||
| Evidence of coagulopathy | 13.5 (1.3–681.7) | 24.7 (2.3–∞) | 20.2 (1.9–∞) | |
| Diagnostic test results | ||||
| Leukocytosisa | 8.9 (1.6–∞) | |||
| Bacteremia (throughout hospitalization)a | 55.4 (7.9–∞) | 82.5 (10.9–∞) | 37.6 (2.8–∞) | 23.2 (5.7–137.2) |
a
Previously reported as risk factors in other studies.