Table 1.
Main studies investigating the efficacy of bDMARDs in T2D with or without RA
| First author, year | Type of study | Number of participants | Disease | Type of drug, dose, frequency | Follow-up | Outcome of interest | Value of assessment measure at baseline | Value of assessment measure at final observation | Difference between baseline and final observation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Larsen et al, 2007 [97] | Clinical trial | 67 | T2D | Anakinra, 100 mg, once daily | 13 weeks | HbA1c reduction | 8.7% | 8.4% | − 0.3% |
| Ridker et al, 2012 [101] | Clinical trial | 551 | T2D | Canakinumab, 150 mg, every 4 weeks | 4 months | HbA1c reduction | 7.4% | 7.1% | − 0.3% |
| Everett et al. 2018 [103] | Clinical trial | 10061 | Prior MI, with or without prediabetes or T2D | Canakinumab, 50 mg, every 12 weeks | 48 months | HbA1c reduction | 7.0% | 7.1% | +0.1% |
| Canakinumab, 150 mg, every 12 weeks | 48 months | HbA1c reduction | 7.1% | 7.1% | 0.0 | ||||
| Canakinumab, 300 mg, every 12 weeks | 48 months | HbA1c reduction | 7.2% | 7.1% | 0.0 | ||||
| Ruscitti et al, 2019 [104] | Clinical trial | 39 | RA and T2D | Anakinra, 100 mg, once daily | 6 months | HbA1c reduction | 7.7% | 6.7% | − 1.0% |
| Tam et al, 2007 [113] | Clinical trial | 19 | RA and T2D | Infliximab, 3 mg/kg, at Week 0, Weeks 2, 6 and 14 | 14 weeks | HOMA-IR reduction | 1.3 | 0.6 | − 0.7 |
| Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou et al, 2012 [114] | Observational study | 32 | RA and T2D |
Infliximab, 3 mg/kg, every 8 weeks Etanercept, 50 mg, every week Adalimumab, 40 mg, every 2 weeks |
6 months | HOMA-IR reduction | 2.6 | 2.4 | − 0.2 |
| Stagakis et al, 2012 [117] | Prospective study | 61 | RA and T2D |
Infliximab, 3 mg/kg, every 8 weeks Etanercept, 50 mg, every week Adalimumab, every 2 weeks |
12 weeks | HOMA-IR reduction | 7.0 | − 5.7 | − 12.7 |
| Otsuka et al, 2018 [122] | Observational study | 221 | RA and T2D | Tocilizumab, 8 mg/kg, every 4 weeks | 3 months | HbA1c reduction | 6.2% | 5.8% | − 0.4% |
| Genovese et al, 2020 [129] | Post hoc analyses of clinical trials | 184 | RA and T2D | Sarilumab 150 mg + csDMARDs, every 2 weeks | 24 weeks | HbA1c reduction | 6.9% | 6.4% | − 0.5% |
| Sarilumab 200 mg + csDMARDs, every 2 weeks | 24 weeks | HbA1c reduction | 7.0% | 6.3% | − 0.7% | ||||
| Sarilumab 200 mg, every 2 weeks | 24 weeks | HbA1c reduction | 6.6% | 6.2% | − 0.4% |
bDMARDS biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. csDMARDs conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, HbA1c glycated haemoglobin, HOMA-IR Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance, MI myocardial infarction, RA rheumatoid arthritis, T2D type 2 diabetes