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. 2022 Nov 10;12:19239. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-23831-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Biofilm biomass assessment by crystal violet staining (OD 600 nm) of four bacterial strains P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, E. coli, and B. subtilis after 48 h in Brain Heart Infusion broth (BHIB) supplemented with 2% glucose. (b) The 96-well microtiter plate assay showed biofilm formation by four bacterial strains. (c) Antibiofilm efficacy of ethyl acetate crud extract from Paecilomyces sp. (AUMC 15510) on P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and B. subtilis as assessed by crystal violet quantification of biofilm. (d) The 96-well microtiter plate assay depicted the effect of ethyl acetate crud extract on the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and B. subtilis. PC: Gentamicin (Positive Control). The error bars on the graph represent standard deviations as a percentage of biofilm inhibition.