(A) Timeline of treatment for the combined AMD3100-SPNPs+ IR survival study. (B) Kaplan–Meier survival curve. Significant increase in median survival is observed in all groups receiving AMD3100 alone (i.p.) or IR (p<0.01). Mice (n=5) treated with AMD3100-SPNPs (i.v.) + IR reach long-term survival timepoint (100 dpi) with no signs of residual tumor (C) Kaplan-Meier survival plot for re-challenged long-term survivors from AMD3100-SPNPs+IR (n=5), or control (OL61 Untreated) (n=5). Data were analyzed using the log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. Days post implantation= dpi. NS= Not significant. **p<0.01, ***p<0.005. (D) H&E staining of 5μm paraffin embedded brain sections from saline (24 dpi), IR (48 dpi), AMD3100-SPNPs alone (45 dpi) and long-term survivors from AMD3100-SPNPs + IR treatment groups (60 dpi after rechallenging with OL61 cells) (scale bar = 1mm). Paraffin embedded 5μm brain sections for each treatment groups were stained for CD68, myeline basic protein (MBP) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Low magnification (10X) panels show normal brain (N) and tumor (T) tissue (black scale bar = 100μm). Black arrows in the high magnification (40X) panels (black scale bar = 20μm) indicate positive staining for the areas delineated in the low-magnification panels. Representative images from an experiment consisting of 3 independent biological replicates are displayed.