. 2022 Oct 28;9:1025080. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1025080

TABLE 3.

Changes in the content of different organic acids during fermentation (μg/mL).

Fermentation time (h)	0	4	12	24	48
Oxalic acid	43.01 ± 0.67^a	37.64 ± 0.12^b	44.64 ± 1.69^a	43.65 ± 0.68^a	37.63 ± 1.59^b
Tartaric acid	632.34 ± 19.98^a	536.93 ± 4.41^b	545.08 ± 32.27^b	514.06 ± 9.97^b	395.72 ± 2.61^c
Quinic acid	584.52 ± 0.68^a	448.64 ± 22.36^c	440.38 ± 13.16^c	229.27 ± 15.61^d	497.96 ± 1.6^b
Pyruvate	80.27 ± 0.27^b	83.12 ± 2.07^a	84.51 ± 1.45^a	61.39 ± 1.02^c	56.68 ± 1.56^d
Malic acid	926.91 ± 5.35^b	711.77 ± 10.41^d	866.05 ± 14.87^c	1019.7 ± 14.75^a	692.95 ± 3.51^d
Shikimic acid	13 ± 0.7^e	26.73 ± 1.36^d	73.78 ± 1.45^c	90.49 ± 0.48^b	114.15 ± 7.22^a
Lactic acid	403.33 ± 17.77^c	530.72 ± 25.16^b	731.24 ± 18.87^a	695.37 ± 3.88^a	722.58 ± 29.76^a
Citric acid	43.77 ± 0.55^a	37.28 ± 1.96^b	12.32 ± 0.25^d	35.37 ± 3.95^b	32.19 ± 0.83^c
Fumaric acid	0.04 ± 0.01^c	0.01 ± 0.01^d	0.01 ± 0.01^d	0.26 ± 0.01^a	0.23 ± 0.01^b
Succinic acid	163.04 ± 1.67^b	39.21 ± 0.96^c	57.12 ± 1.74^c	551.28 ± 31.12^a	565.83 ± 19.21^a

Results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of three replicates. The mass concentrations of substances in different time periods are represented by different letters, indicating significant differences (p < 0.05).