Histological evaluation of the oral mucosal trauma healing process. (A) Images of H&E and Masson's trichrome staining, in addition to immunochemical staining of the inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α and angiogenesis factors at the wound site in rats treated with different materials for 4 days. (B–D) Quantitation of IL-6, TNF-α, and angiogenesis factor levels in (A) (n ≥ 3, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001).