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. 2022 Nov 2;17:100159. doi: 10.1016/j.wroa.2022.100159

Fig. 8.

Fig 8

Schematic of different interactions between unprotonated (top) or protonated (bottom) 3-phenylpropionic (3-PPA) acid molecules and dimethylamine groups of (a) IRA67 and (b) IRA96 resins. Dashed lines indicate (1) electrostatic interactions, (2) dipole-dipole bonds (3) π-π lateral bonds, (4) Yoshida hydrogen bonds, and (5) n-π bonds (Tran et al., 2017a, 2017b).