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. 2022 Oct 28;13:1017385. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1017385

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Copyright © 2022 Galloway, Nguyen, Li, Houston, Gregersen, Williamson, Falkenberg, Herron and Hale

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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CpG and IL-2/GM-CSF as adjuvants differentially alter the magnitude and duration of the germinal center response following F1V primary and booster immunization. Mice were immunized on day 0 and given booster shots on day 16. Draining lymph nodes were collected for germinal center analysis on days 7, 14, 23, and 30 post-immunization. (A) Number of CXCR5+Bcl6+ GC Tfh cells. (B) Number of CD19+Fas+PNA+ GC B cells. (C) Number of CD19+IgD-CD138+ plasmablasts. n=5 per group per experiment at each time point. Data shown are from one experiment and are representative of two independent experiments. Statistically significant p values were determined using multiple unpaired Student t test; Colored symbols (red star, green asterisk, or purple hashtag) indicate significant p values for each of the indicated comparisons between experimental groups: one symbol for p < 0.05, two symbols for p < 0.01.