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. 2022 Oct 28;13:999811. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.999811

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Copyright © 2022 Wang, Wei, Peng, Wang, Hung, Hong, Liou and Hou.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Serum testosterone (A) and cortisol (B) in triathlon with placebo (PLA), low-dosage energy drink (Low ED) group and high-dosage energy drink (High ED) group at baseline and immediately after sprint triathlon Values are expressed as mean ± SE. *Significant difference compare with pre and post (p < 0.05) in PLA, Low ED and High ED group. Values are expressed as mean ± SE.