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. 2022 Oct 28;10:1033495. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1033495

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Copyright © 2022 Li, Ye, Huang, Wang, Zhao, Niu, Yue, Huang, Liu, Hou and Wu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Age-standardized YLDs rates due to blindness and vision loss by SDI, 1990–2019, and expected value-based SDI. Age-standardized YLD rates are plotted for 21 geographic regions between 1990 to 2019 against their SDIs. Points in each line from left to right represents the values from 1990 to 2019. The black line represents the average expected relationship between SDI and age-standardized YLD rates due to blindness and vision loss based on values from all countries over the 1990–2019 estimation period. ASR, age-standardized rate; YLD, years lived with disability; SDI, human development index.