Table 3.

Example sepsis table output, containing also the total SOFA score, infection status, prophylactic use of antibiotics and septic shock.

admissionid	time	sofa_total_score	antibiotic_escalation	prophylaxis	infection	sepsis_episode	septic_shock
0	−1	0	True	True	False	False	False
0	0	4	False	False	False	False	False
0	1	5	NaN	False	False	False	False
1	−1	1	True	True	False	False	False
1	0	4	False	False	False	False	False
1	1	0	NaN	False	False	False	False
2	−2	0	NaN	False	False	False	False
2	−1	1	True	False	True	True	False
2	0	6	False	False	False	False	False
3	−3	1	NaN	False	False	False	False
3	−1	0	True	False	True	True	False
3	0	3	False	False	False	False	False

The column ‘time’ denotes the ‘day’ of admission, which is the 24 h period after the ICU/MCU admission. NaN in the column ‘antibiotic_escalation’ indicates that this 24 h period occurs before any antibiotics were first administered. Antibiotic escalation in elective post-operative admissions was assumed to be a prophylactic increase in antibiotic administration, rather than an antibiotic escalation due to an infection. Post-operative s are also likely to have a high SOFA score because of surgery. A sepsis episode is defined as antibiotic escalation accompanied by an increase in SOFA score of 2 or more. This increase in SOFA can either be over the previous and current ‘days’, the current and subsequent ‘days’, or the previous and subsequent ‘days’. For the sepsis episode in this table (admissionid 2, time −1), the increase in SOFA from 1 to 6 from day −1 to day 0 is accompanied by an antibiotic escalation on day −1.